1. He takes after his father.

2. He resembles his father.
3. He is similar to his father.
4. He looks like his father.
(Are they all the same in meaning? Do you have other similar expressions)

5. Let's discuss the matter.
6. Let's talk over the matter.
7. Let's talk about the matter.
(Are they the same in meaning? What is the synonym of 'discuss, 'talk about' or 'talk over'?)

sentences 1 - 4 are all similar in meaning, yes. Those are the phrasings most commonly used.

Sentences 5 and 7 are fine, but 6 is awkward. It'd be better to move 'over' to the end of that sentence.

1. Yes, "He takes after his father," "He resembles his father," "He is similar to his father," and "He looks like his father" all convey a similar meaning, which is that the person in question shares physical or personality traits with their father. These expressions can be used interchangeably in most cases.

2. In addition to the four expressions you mentioned, here are a few other similar phrases:

- "He's a chip off the old block" - This means that someone closely resembles and shares the characteristics of one of their parents, usually the father.
- "He's his father's spitting image" or "He's a dead ringer for his father" - These phrases suggest an extremely close physical resemblance.
- "He's just like his father" - This implies that the person behaves in a similar way to their father.

3. Regarding your second set of expressions:

Yes, "Let's discuss the matter," "Let's talk over the matter," and "Let's talk about the matter" are similar in meaning. They all indicate a desire to engage in a conversation or deliberation about a specific topic or issue. These phrases can also be used interchangeably in most cases.

4. Synonyms of "discuss," "talk about," or "talk over" include:

- "Deliberate"
- "Converse"
- "Exchange views/opinions"
- "Debate"
- "Go over"
- "Chew the fat"
- "Hash out"
- "Confer"
- "Mull over"

These synonyms can be used depending on the specific context and level of formality desired.