Suggest an
experiment to
compare the
conductivity of
electricity by iron,
copper, aluminium and
zinc. Perform the
experiment
and prepare a short
report on the resu
Tati
Experiment:
1. Materials needed:
- Iron rod
- Copper wire
- Aluminium foil
- Zinc strip
- Power source (e.g., battery)
- Wires with crocodile clips
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Stopwatch
- Safety goggles
2. Experimental setup:
a) Connect the positive terminal of the power source to one end of the metal sample using a crocodile clip.
b) Attach the other end of the metal sample to one end of the ammeter using another crocodile clip.
c) Connect the other end of the ammeter to the negative terminal of the power source.
d) Connect the positive terminal of the voltmeter to the metal sample, and the negative terminal of the voltmeter to the negative terminal of the power source.
e) Ensure the circuit is complete and secure by tightening the connections.
f) Repeat steps a-e for each metal sample, ensuring all other aspects of the setup remain the same.
3. Procedure:
a) Measure the length and cross-sectional area of each metal sample.
b) Turn on the power source and record the current (in amperes) shown on the ammeter.
c) Measure and record the voltage (in volts) shown on the voltmeter.
d) Ensure the readings stabilize, and record the steady-state values.
e) Repeat steps b-d for each metal sample.
4. Analysis and observations:
a) Calculate the resistance (R) of each metal using Ohm's law: R = V/I, where V is the voltage and I is the current.
b) Calculate the electrical conductivity (σ) of each metal using the formula: σ = 1/R, where R is the resistance.
c) Compare the conductivity values obtained for iron, copper, aluminium, and zinc.
d) Observe trends in the conductivity values and explain the differences.
5. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the experiment demonstrated the conductivity of electricity by iron, copper, aluminium, and zinc. The conductivity values were obtained by measuring the resistance and calculating the electrical conductivity for each metal. From the results, it can be observed that copper has the highest conductivity, followed by aluminium, iron, and zinc. These differences can be attributed to the number of free electrons available in the metal structure and their mobility. Copper, with its high number of free electrons and good mobility, exhibited the highest conductivity, making it a preferred material for electrical applications.
To compare the conductivity of electricity by iron, copper, aluminum, and zinc, you can perform a simple experiment using a battery, some wires, and a light bulb. Here's how you can set it up:
Materials needed:
1. Battery (preferably a 9V battery)
2. Wires with alligator clips (at least four)
3. Light bulb (any low-wattage bulb will do)
4. Iron, copper, aluminum, and zinc rods or wires
Procedure:
1. Make sure the battery is fully charged or replace it with a new one if needed.
2. Attach an alligator clip to one end of each wire.
3. Connect the other end of each wire to the four different metal rods or wires - iron, copper, aluminum, and zinc.
4. Take another wire with an alligator clip and connect one end to the positive terminal of the battery.
5. Connect the other end of the wire to one terminal of the light bulb.
6. Take another wire with an alligator clip and connect one end to the negative terminal of the battery.
7. Connect the other end of the wire to the remaining terminal of the light bulb.
8. Now, connect the free ends of the metal rods or wires to the two remaining terminals of the light bulb, one at a time.
Observation:
As you connect each metal rod or wire to the light bulb circuit, observe whether the bulb lights up or not. Note down your observations for each metal.
Result:
Based on your observations, you can conclude which metal conducts electricity better. If the light bulb shines brightest with a certain metal, it indicates that it has the highest conductivity. Similarly, if the bulb shines dimly or doesn't light up at all with a metal, it suggests low conductivity.
Precautions:
1. Make sure all connections are secure and wires are properly insulated.
2. Handle the wires and metal rods carefully to avoid accidental shocks.
3. Perform the experiment in a well-ventilated area and away from flammable materials.
Report:
In your short report, you can mention the materials used, the procedure followed, your observations, and the results obtained. You can present the results in the form of a table or a graphical representation for easy understanding. Additionally, you can also discuss possible reasons for the observed differences in conductivity between the metals, such as their atomic structure or conductivity properties.