Put the following in order, from the one with the greatest impact on reaction rate to the one with the least impact on reaction rate: temperature, amounts of reactant, and presence of catalyst.
Factors affecting rxn rates are:
C.A.N.T.C
C => Concentration Effects
A => Area (Surface Area)
N => Nature (Structural Chem of Reagents
T => Temperature
C => Catalysts
The relative effect of one factor over the other varies with the desired outcome of the process being studied. Under one set of circumstances the order of impact will be different than it would be under different set of circumstances. The important issue is to understand these rate factors set the foundation for generation of Rate Laws that define the rates of reactions empirically, numerically and experimentally. I like the order listed above. It's easy to remember ... C.A.N.T.C => (Conc/Area/Nature/Temp/Catalysts)
To put temperature, amounts of reactant, and presence of catalyst in order from the one with the greatest impact on reaction rate to the one with the least impact, you can consider the following explanations:
1. Temperature: Most chemical reactions are affected by temperature. Increasing the temperature generally speeds up the reaction rate because it provides more energy to the reacting molecules, allowing them to collide more frequently and with greater energy. Higher temperatures can also break bonds, making certain reactions easier to occur. Therefore, temperature has the greatest impact on reaction rate among these three factors.
2. Amounts of Reactant: The amount of reactant present also influences the reaction rate, but to a lesser extent than temperature. Increasing the concentration or quantity of reactants typically leads to a faster reaction rate. This is because having more reactant molecules increases the chances of successful collisions among them, which in turn increases the rate of the reaction. Therefore, the amounts of reactant have the second-greatest impact on reaction rate.
3. Presence of Catalyst: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process. While catalysts can significantly speed up reactions, they have a lesser impact compared to temperature and the amounts of reactant. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, making it easier for the reaction to occur. However, the presence of a catalyst does not have a direct effect on reactant concentrations or energy provided, so it ranks as the factor with the least impact on reaction rate among these three variables.
Therefore, the order from the one with the greatest impact on reaction rate to the one with the least impact is: temperature, amounts of reactant, and presence of catalyst.