1. All fungi are
~photosynthetic
~heterotrophic
~autotropic
~parasitic
2. What structure is missing in the fungal hypae shown on the right side of Figure 21-5?
~cell walls
~cross walls
~nuclei
~cytoplasm
3. Which of the following is true of fungi?
~Like plants, they carry out photosynthesis
~Like some prokaryotes, they are autotrophic
~Like animals, they lack cell walls
~Like protists, they are eukaryotic
4. A mushroom is a
~fruitng body
~lichen
~mycelium
~hypha
5. In a mycorrhizal relationship, what benefit does the plant get from the fungus?
~an energy source
~aid in seed dispersal
~products of photosynthesis
~aid in the absorption of water and minerals
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~anon
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1. To answer this question, we can eliminate the options that are clearly incorrect.
- Photosynthetic: Fungi are not photosynthetic because they do not have chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.
- Heterotrophic: This is the correct answer. Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain their nutrients by absorbing them from organic materials in their environment.
- Autotropic: Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, which fungi cannot do.
- Parasitic: While some fungi can be parasitic and obtain nutrients from living organisms, not all fungi are parasitic. Therefore, this option is not entirely accurate.
So, the correct answer is that all fungi are heterotrophic.
2. To answer this question, we need to look at the options and compare them to the image provided in Figure 21-5.
- Cell walls: Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin, so this structure is not missing in the fungal hyphae.
- Cross walls: Cross walls, also known as septa, can be present in fungal hyphae to separate compartments. However, in some cases, fungal hyphae can be coenocytic, meaning they lack cross walls. If the image in Figure 21-5 shows a coenocytic hypha, then the cross walls would indeed be missing.
- Nuclei: Fungi typically have multiple nuclei in their hyphae, so this structure would not be missing.
- Cytoplasm: Hyphae are composed of cytoplasm, so this structure would not be missing.
Based on the information provided, if the image in Figure 21-5 shows a coenocytic hypha, then the structure missing would be cross walls.
3. To answer this question, we again need to eliminate the options that are clearly incorrect.
- Like plants, they carry out photosynthesis: Fungi do not carry out photosynthesis, so this option is incorrect.
- Like some prokaryotes, they are autotrophic: Fungi are not autotrophic, as mentioned earlier. They are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients from organic materials in their environment.
- Like animals, they lack cell walls: This option is incorrect because fungi do have cell walls, although they are composed of chitin instead of cellulose like in plant cell walls.
- Like protists, they are eukaryotic: This is the correct answer. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Therefore, the correct answer is that, like protists, fungi are eukaryotic.
4. To answer this question, we need to understand the terms presented.
- Fruiting body: This term refers to the reproductive structure of a fungus, which produces and releases spores. Mushrooms are examples of fruiting bodies.
- Lichen: Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Mushrooms are not lichens.
- Mycelium: Mycelium refers to the network of fungal hyphae that makes up the main body of the fungus. While mushrooms are part of the fungal life cycle, they are not mycelium.
- Hypha: Hyphae are the filamentous structures that make up the body of a fungus. Mushrooms are not hyphae, but rather they grow from hyphae.
Therefore, the correct answer is that a mushroom is a fruiting body.
5. To answer this question, we need to identify the benefit that plants gain from the mycorrhizal relationship.
- An energy source: Plants obtain energy through photosynthesis, so they do not directly gain an energy source from the fungus in mycorrhizal relationships.
- Aid in seed dispersal: This benefit is not associated with mycorrhizal relationships.
- Products of photosynthesis: While plants produce glucose through photosynthesis, they do not directly receive products of photosynthesis from the fungus.
- Aid in the absorption of water and minerals: This is the correct answer. In mycorrhizal relationships, the fungus helps the plant absorb water and minerals from the soil, which benefits the plant's overall growth and nutrition.
Therefore, the correct answer is that in a mycorrhizal relationship, the plant gets aid in the absorption of water and minerals from the fungus.
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