Passage:The particles of matter are in constant motion.

The energy of motion is called kinetic energy, so
the particles of matter have kinetic energy. As matter becomes warmer, its particles move faster. As a result, their kinetic energy increases. Temperature is related to kinetic energy. As temperature increases, kinetic energy also increases.
One way to measure the temperature of matter is
to place a thermometer in contact with it. Some of the matter’s kinetic energy is transferred to the thermometer if the matter is warmer than the thermometer. The increased kinetic energy causes the particles of the liquid in the thermometer to move farther away from each other. As a result, the liquid in the thermometer expands and rises up the tube. If the matter is colder than the thermometer, the thermometer loses energy
to the matter. This makes the particles of the liquid in the thermometer move closer to each other, causing the liquid to contract and drop in the tube.
Reviewing Inquiry Focus
When you analyze a model, you determine how well the model can be used to predict what happens in the real world. In this lab, you will put together a combination of materials that simulates how a real thermometer works. Then you will test it to see if it behaves like a real thermometer when it is placed in contact with warm water and then cold water. With these statements in mind, preview the Lab Investigation. Then answer the questions.

1.)How do you expect the water level to change when the apparatus is placed in warm water? In cool water?

2.)If you had a real thermometer that was accurate, how could you modify your
experimental thermometer to read actual temperatures?

1.) Based on the passage, when the apparatus is placed in warm water, the water level is expected to rise. This is because the particles of the liquid in the apparatus will gain kinetic energy from the warmer water, causing them to move farther away from each other and resulting in the liquid expanding and rising in the tube. On the other hand, when the apparatus is placed in cool water, the water level is expected to drop. This is because the cooler water will cause the particles of the liquid in the apparatus to lose energy, causing them to move closer to each other and resulting in the liquid contracting and dropping in the tube.

2.) If you had a real thermometer that was accurate, you could modify your experimental thermometer to read actual temperatures by calibrating it. Calibration involves comparing the readings of your experimental thermometer with the readings of the accurate thermometer at various known temperatures. By doing so, you can establish a correlation or a calibration curve between the readings of your experimental thermometer and the actual temperatures. This calibration curve can then be used to adjust the readings of your experimental thermometer, allowing it to measure and display more accurate temperatures.

1) When the apparatus is placed in warm water, the water level in the thermometer will rise. This is because some of the kinetic energy from the warm water is transferred to the liquid in the thermometer, causing it to expand and rise in the tube.

On the other hand, when the apparatus is placed in cool water, the water level in the thermometer will drop. This is because the thermometer loses energy to the cool water, causing the particles of the liquid in the thermometer to move closer to each other and leading to contraction and a drop in the liquid level.

2) To modify the experimental thermometer to read actual temperatures, you would need to calibrate it against a real thermometer that is accurate. This can be done by comparing the readings of both thermometers in various temperature conditions, and making adjustments to the experimental thermometer accordingly. This ensures that the readings on the experimental thermometer align with the actual temperatures in the real world.

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