A 62 year old man experiences sudden onset of difficulty breathing, followed by double vision, and later by abnormal kidney and liver function tests. Of the following conditions, which is most likely the cause of his problems?

Question

A 62 year old man experiences sudden onset of difficulty breathing, followed by double vision, and later by abnormal kidney and liver function tests. Of the following conditions, which is most likely the cause of his problems?

A. Vasculitis
B. Raynaud's phenomenon
C.Thrombophlebitis
D. Varicose veins
E. Pulmonary embolis

I think B

Answer 1

To determine the most likely cause of the man's problems, we need to consider the symptoms mentioned: sudden difficulty breathing, double vision, and abnormal kidney and liver function tests. Let's evaluate each option:

A. Vasculitis: Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels, which can affect various organs. While it is possible for vasculitis to cause some of the mentioned symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, it is less likely to explain all the symptoms together.

B. Raynaud's phenomenon: Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by episodic narrowing of blood vessels in the extremities, leading to color changes and pain. While this condition may not directly explain the symptoms mentioned, it is unrelated to the difficulties in breathing, double vision, and abnormal kidney and liver function tests.

C. Thrombophlebitis: Thrombophlebitis refers to inflammation and blood clot formation within a vein. While this condition may lead to difficulty breathing if a clot travels to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), it is less likely to explain the double vision and abnormal kidney and liver function tests.

D. Varicose veins: Varicose veins are enlarged and twisted veins, usually in the legs. Although varicose veins can cause discomfort and pain, they are unlikely to cause the described symptoms.

E. Pulmonary embolism: A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. This condition can cause sudden difficulty breathing, as well as other symptoms such as chest pain and a rapid heart rate. It can also affect the kidneys and liver, leading to abnormal function tests. Given the combination of symptoms presented, a pulmonary embolism is the most likely cause.

Therefore, the correct answer is E. Pulmonary embolism.

Answer 2

Based on the symptoms described, Raynaud's phenomenon (choice B) is unlikely to be the cause of this individual's symptoms. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow to the extremities, which can cause color changes in the affected areas (typically fingers and toes). It does not typically cause difficulty breathing, double vision, or abnormal kidney and liver function tests.