A recessive sex-linked allele (h) located on the X chromosome increases blood-clotting time, causing hemophilia.

a. With the aid of a Punnet square explain how hemophilic offspring can be born to normal parents?

My work: Hemophilic offspring could be born to normal parents through the allele being recessive in the parents. Could someone help me with the Punnet square as I couldn't upload it.

b. Can any of the female offspring develop hemophilia? Explain.

My work: Any of the female offspring could develop hemophilia because in order for a child to be female it has to have 2 X chromosomes which are provided by each parent giving one and there is the possibility that one of the parents has the recessive sex-linked allele that is related to hemophilia.

a. https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=punnett+square&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&gws_rd=ssl

b. Note that the male Y-chromosome does not have a normal clotting gene to dominate the recessive h gene on the X, so males cannot be just carriers. If they have one h gene, they will have hemophilia.

So would the female offspring develop hemophilia?

no the female offspring would not. the female would inherit a normal gene from the father on his X chromosome and no matter if they inherited the dominant or recessive gene from the mother (H or h), they would only be able to be heterozygous to it and would therefore not have the condition.

a. To understand how hemophilic offspring can be born to normal parents, we can use a Punnet square. However, since you were unable to upload it, I will walk you through the process.

First, let's assign the normal allele for blood clotting as "H" (dominant) and the hemophilic allele as "h" (recessive). Since hemophilia is a sex-linked trait and located on the X chromosome, we need to consider the genotype of both parents.

Let's assume the father is normal (XHY) and the mother is a carrier of hemophilia (XhXh). The "XHY" represents the father's genotype, where "XH" represents the normal allele and "Y" represents the Y chromosome. The "XhXh" represents the mother's genotype, where "Xh" represents the carrier allele.

Using a Punnet square, we can cross the father's sex chromosome with the mother's sex chromosome:

| XH | Xh |
-----------------------------
XY | XHY | XhY |
Xh | XHXh| XhXh |

From the Punnet square, we can see that there are four possible combinations of sex chromosomes in the offspring. The first combination (XHY) represents a normal son. The second combination (XhY) represents a hemophilic son, as he inherits the hemophilic allele from his mother. The third combination (XHXh) represents a carrier daughter, as she inherits one normal allele (XH) from her father and one carrier allele (Xh) from her mother. The last combination (XhXh) represents a hemophilic daughter, as she inherits the hemophilic allele from both parents.

Therefore, in this scenario, there is a possibility for both normal and hemophilic offspring to be born to normal parents.

b. As for the possibility of female offspring developing hemophilia, it is important to note that females have two X chromosomes. In order for a female to develop hemophilia, she would need to inherit the hemophilic allele from both of her parents.

From the Punnet square above, we can see that a female offspring can develop hemophilia only if she inherits the Xh allele from both her father and her mother (XhXh combination). If she inherits at least one XH allele, she would either be normal or a carrier but not a hemophilic.

So, to answer your question, any female offspring could develop hemophilia only if both parents carry the hemophilic allele and pass it on to their daughter.