Create a null hypothesis or the following research questions: (a) What are the differences between emergency room shifts on medication errors? (b) On a clinical trail of a new drug, what will be the effects over a currently used drug?

Ho: error1 = error2

Ha: error1 ≠ error2

Ho: new = old
Ha: new > old

Sure! Here are the null hypotheses for the given research questions:

(a) Null hypothesis: There are no differences between emergency room shifts in terms of medication errors.

To test this null hypothesis, you would collect data on medication errors across different emergency room shifts and analyze whether there are any statistically significant differences.

(b) Null hypothesis: There will be no significant difference in the effects of the new drug compared to the currently used drug in the clinical trial.

To test this null hypothesis, you would conduct a clinical trial comparing the effects of the new drug to the currently used drug. The data collected would be analyzed to determine if there are any significant differences in the outcomes between the two drugs.

Remember that null hypotheses are used to set up a default position of no effect or no difference, which can then be tested using statistical analysis.