Calculate the volume, in milliliters, of a 0.290 M LiOH solution that will completely neutralize each of the following:
a. 40.0 mL of a 0.130 M H3PO4 solution
b. 24.5 mL of a 0.535 M H2SO4 solution
I will do one.
a) Normalityacid*volumeacid=Normalitybase*Vb
.130*3*40=.290*1*Vb
solve for volume base (LiOH)
note, Normality of an acid=Molarity*H+eqivalents
H+ equivalents of H3PO3 is 3
H+ equivalents of H2SO4 is 2
To calculate the volume of a solution needed to completely neutralize another solution, we can use the concept of stoichiometry. In this case, we need to determine the volume of a 0.290 M LiOH solution required to neutralize a given volume of either a 0.130 M H3PO4 or a 0.535 M H2SO4 solution.
To solve this question, we need to find the ratio between the moles of the acid and the moles of the base. This ratio can be determined by balancing the chemical equation between the acid and the base. The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between LiOH and H3PO4 is:
3LiOH + H3PO4 -> Li3PO4 + 3H2O
The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between LiOH and H2SO4 is:
2LiOH + H2SO4 -> Li2SO4 + 2H2O
Now, let's calculate the moles of acid in each case using the given concentration and volume:
a. For H3PO4:
Moles of H3PO4 = Concentration (M) x Volume (L)
Moles of H3PO4 = 0.130 M x 0.040 L
b. For H2SO4:
Moles of H2SO4 = Concentration (M) x Volume (L)
Moles of H2SO4 = 0.535 M x 0.0245 L
Next, we need to determine the moles of LiOH required to completely react with the moles of acid. Based on the balanced equations, we can see that 3 moles of LiOH are required to neutralize 1 mole of H3PO4 and 2 moles of LiOH are required to neutralize 1 mole of H2SO4.
a. For H3PO4:
Moles of LiOH = (Moles of H3PO4) x (3 moles LiOH / 1 mole H3PO4)
b. For H2SO4:
Moles of LiOH = (Moles of H2SO4) x (2 moles LiOH / 1 mole H2SO4)
Finally, to find the volume of the 0.290 M LiOH solution needed to neutralize the acid, we use the following equation:
Volume (L) = (Moles of LiOH) / (Concentration of LiOH in M)
Now, since you are looking for the volume in milliliters (mL), you can convert the volume from liters to milliliters by multiplying by 1000.
a. For H3PO4:
Volume (mL) = [(Moles of H3PO4) x (3 moles LiOH / 1 mole H3PO4)] / 0.290 M
b. For H2SO4:
Volume (mL) = [(Moles of H2SO4) x (2 moles LiOH / 1 mole H2SO4)] / 0.290 M
By plugging in the values and performing the calculations, you will be able to find the volume of the 0.290 M LiOH solution needed to completely neutralize each of the given solutions.