What was a great contribution of the Islamic golden age?

West African trading empires traded what commodities?

Why did the Bantu-speaking people migrate?

How did Kilwa and Aksum become powerful?

How did the Inca keep records?

What did the Maya farmers do when the soil wore out?

Who were the Mound Builders and where did they live?

What did Confucius think would bring about peace and stability to China?

What is the feudal system? How did it come about in Japan?

What cause the Mughal Empire to fall apart 100 years after Akbar’s death?

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To answer the question of what was a great contribution of the Islamic golden age, we can look at the advancements made in various fields during this time. One of the significant contributions was in the field of mathematics. Islamic scholars developed and refined algebra, introducing concepts such as quadratic equations and the systematic use of symbols. They also preserved and translated the works of Greek mathematicians, which laid the foundation for further advancements in Europe. The Islamic golden age also saw significant contributions in the fields of astronomy, medicine, architecture, literature, and philosophy.

For the question about the commodities traded by West African trading empires, one can look into historical records and accounts of trade during that time. Some of the key commodities traded by these empires included gold, salt, ivory, slaves, textiles, and agricultural products such as grain, palm oil, and kola nuts. Gold, in particular, was highly sought after and became a significant part of the region's trade networks.

To understand why the Bantu-speaking people migrated, it is necessary to examine the historical and cultural factors that influenced their movement. The Bantu-speaking people were driven by various factors, including population growth, environmental changes, and the need for new resources. They migrated in search of fertile land for agriculture, new trading opportunities, and to escape conflicts or disruptions in their original territories. Their migration played a significant role in shaping the linguistic, cultural, and genetic diversity of sub-Saharan Africa.

The rise of Kilwa and Aksum as powerful entities can be explained by examining their strategic location and economic activities. Kilwa, located along the East African coast, became prosperous due to its strategic position for trade between the African mainland and the Indian Ocean. The city was a key center for the trade of gold, ivory, and other goods, making it a powerful and influential trading hub. Similarly, Aksum, located in present-day Ethiopia, gained power through control of trade routes connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Its control over trade in valuable commodities, such as ivory, gold, and spices, helped it become a wealthy and influential kingdom.

When it comes to how the Inca kept records, their system was primarily based on a method called quipu. Quipus were intricate ropes or cords made from llama or alpaca fibers, with different colors and knots used to represent numbers and information. The Inca used quipus to record taxes, census data, historical accounts, and other important information. Quipus were an effective means of communication and record-keeping in the absence of a written language.

Maya farmers employed various agricultural techniques to deal with soil exhaustion. When the soil wore out, they would practice slash-and-burn agriculture, which involved clearing land by cutting down vegetation and burning it. This process would release nutrients into the soil and create a layer of ash that acted as fertilizer. After a few years, when the soil became depleted again, the farmers would move to a new area and repeat the cycle, allowing the previously used land to regenerate over time.

The Mound Builders were prehistoric Native American societies that built large earthen mounds for various purposes, such as ceremonial and burial sites. They lived in different regions of North America, including the Ohio River Valley, Mississippi Valley, and Southeastern United States. These mounds served as important cultural and religious centers, and their construction reflects the complex social structures and belief systems of these ancient societies.

Confucius believed that peace and stability in China could be achieved through the practice of moral values, such as benevolence, filial piety, respect for authority, and adherence to rituals. He emphasized the importance of social harmony and proper behavior in personal and political relationships. Confucius believed that if individuals cultivated these virtues, it would create a moral and well-ordered society, leading to peace, stability, and the well-being of the people.

The feudal system was a social and political structure that existed during the medieval period, characterized by a hierarchical relationship between lords and vassals. In Japan, the feudal system known as the "shogunate" emerged in the 12th century. It came about due to political instability and the need for military control. The shogun, a military leader, held the real power while the emperor remained as a symbolic figurehead. The shogun distributed land and privileges to loyal samurai warriors, who in turn provided military service and loyalty to the shogun. This system persisted until the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century.

The decline of the Mughal Empire 100 years after Akbar's death can be attributed to various factors. Internal conflict among the Mughal rulers, the weakening of central authority, and the rise of regional powers all contributed to its downfall. Additionally, economic challenges, such as inflation and corruption, strained the empire's resources. External threats, including invasions by foreign powers like the British and the Marathas, further weakened the empire. The decline of the Mughal Empire ultimately led to the establishment of British colonial rule in India.