It took 20 seconds for a certain volume of oxygen to effuse through an orifice(small opening) at 298K. How long will it take the same volume of each of the following gases to effuse through the same orifice at the same temperature?. The gases are hydrogen, helium, and chlorine.(H=1, He=4, O=16 and Cl=35.5).
Your school subject is probably chemistry.
I posted the answer to this elsewhere. If you can't find it let me know and I'll give you a link.
To find the time it takes for each gas to effuse through the orifice, we can use Graham's law of effusion. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
Mathematically, Graham's law can be represented as follows:
Rate1 / Rate2 = √(Molar mass2 / Molar mass1)
In this case, we are given the time it takes for oxygen to effuse through the orifice, and we need to find the time for hydrogen, helium, and chlorine.
Let's calculate the molar masses for each gas:
Molar mass of oxygen (O2) = 16 + 16 = 32 g/mol
Molar mass of hydrogen (H2) = 1 + 1 = 2 g/mol
Molar mass of helium (He) = 4 g/mol
Molar mass of chlorine (Cl2) = 35.5 + 35.5 = 71 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the rates of effusion for each gas using the given time for oxygen:
Rate of effusion for oxygen = 1 (since it took 20 seconds)
Rate of effusion for hydrogen = √(32 / 2) = √16 = 4 (times faster than oxygen)
Rate of effusion for helium = √(32 / 4) = √8 = 2√2 (times faster than oxygen)
Rate of effusion for chlorine = √(32 / 71) ≈ 0.476 (times faster than oxygen)
Finally, to find the time it takes for each gas to effuse, we can use the rates of effusion:
Time for hydrogen = 20 / 4 = 5 seconds
Time for helium = 20 / (2√2) ≈ 14.14 seconds
Time for chlorine = 20 / 0.476 ≈ 42 seconds
Therefore, it will take approximately 5 seconds for hydrogen, 14.14 seconds for helium, and 42 seconds for chlorine to effuse through the same orifice at the same temperature.