why when the granite decompose it converts to clay? and what is the simplest meaning of B horizon. i don't fully understand the things i've read about b horizon on net. please help me
When granite decomposes, it does not directly convert to clay. Instead, the process involves various weathering and erosion mechanisms over long periods of time. Granite is primarily composed of three minerals: feldspar, quartz, and mica.
Weathering is the process by which rocks break down into smaller fragments, while erosion refers to the transportation of these fragments. In the case of granite, weathering occurs through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Physical weathering includes temperature changes, freeze-thaw cycles, and wind abrasion, causing the granite to break down into smaller pieces.
Chemical weathering is another significant process. Water and atmospheric gases react with minerals within the granite, altering their chemical composition. Feldspar minerals undergo a process called hydrolysis, where water reacts with the minerals and produces clay minerals, such as kaolinite. These clay minerals are stable and tend to accumulate in the soil as weathering continues.
The conversion of granite into clay is a complex and gradual process that occurs over millions of years, involving multiple weathering and erosion mechanisms.
Now, let's discuss the B horizon. Soil is composed of different layers called horizons, each with unique characteristics. The B horizon, also known as the subsoil, is the layer found beneath the A horizon (topsoil).
The B horizon is characterized by the accumulation of materials leached or washed down from the upper layers. These materials can include clay, iron, aluminum, and organic matter. It often appears denser and more compacted compared to the topsoil.
The exact composition of the B horizon varies depending on factors such as climate, parent material, and the amount of rainfall. It plays a crucial role in determining soil fertility and nutrient availability for plant growth.
To better understand the B horizon, it is important to study soil science and familiarize yourself with the terminology related to soil horizons and their properties.