Can someone tell me.how to know the more higher rate of inductive effect? Im confused
I'm not sure what you mean by "higher rate" of inductive effect.
F > Cl > Br > I
Also it depends upon how far apart the F,Cl, Br atoms are from the group affected.
Here is a site where you can read more.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_effect
I mean how can i know if its more polar when compare to other moleculees
You look at the electronegativity. More EN makes more polar.
Sure, I can help you with that. To determine the strength of the inductive effect, you need to consider the electronegativity difference between atoms and the presence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups.
Here's a step-by-step process to determine the higher rate of inductive effect:
1. Identify the atoms involved: Inductive effects occur between atoms connected by a sigma bond. Look for atoms directly bonded to each other.
2. Compare electronegativities: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. The higher the electronegativity difference between two atoms, the stronger the inductive effect will be. Generally, elements towards the top right of the periodic table (such as fluorine and oxygen) are more electronegative, while elements towards the bottom left (such as carbon) are less electronegative.
3. Determine the direction of inductive effect: If there is an electronegativity difference between two atoms, the more electronegative atom will pull electron density away from the less electronegative atom. This creates a polar bond, with the more electronegative atom being electron-withdrawing (inductive -I effect) and the less electronegative atom being electron-donating (inductive +I effect).
4. Consider the presence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups: Besides electronegativity, the presence of other functional groups or substituents can also influence the inductive effect. Electron-donating groups (such as alkyl groups) increase the electron density at the atom, enhancing the inductive +I effect. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing groups (such as halogens or carbonyl groups) decrease the electron density, intensifying the inductive -I effect.
5. Compare the inductive effects: Finally, compare the strength of the inductive effects by evaluating the electronegativity difference and the impact of other substituents or functional groups. The one with the greater electron-withdrawing (negative) or electron-donating (positive) effect will have a higher rate of inductive effect.
By following this process, you can determine the higher rate of inductive effect between two atoms in a molecule.