how to calculate mole fraction

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Example.

mols substance 1 = 2
mols substance 2 = 3

mol fraction 1 = 2/5
mol fraction 2 = 3/5

To calculate the mole fraction of a component in a mixture, you need to know the number of moles of that component and the total number of moles in the mixture. Here's the step-by-step process:

1. Determine the number of moles of the component you want to calculate the mole fraction for. You can use the given mass, volume, or concentration of that component to calculate its moles.

2. Calculate the total number of moles in the mixture. If you have the moles of all components in the mixture, simply add them together. Alternatively, if you have the mass or volume of the mixture and the molar mass or density, you can calculate the total moles.

3. Divide the number of moles of the component (from step 1) by the total number of moles in the mixture (from step 2).

Mole Fraction (X) = Moles of Component / Total Moles in Mixture

Note: Mole fraction is represented by the symbol "X." It is a dimensionless quantity and is always between 0 and 1. The sum of mole fractions for all components in a mixture equals 1.

Let's take an example:
Suppose you have a mixture of water (H2O) and ethanol (C2H5OH) with 4 moles of water and 6 moles of ethanol. To calculate the mole fraction of water in the mixture:

Moles of Water (H2O) = 4 moles
Moles of Ethanol (C2H5OH) = 6 moles

Total Moles in Mixture = 4 moles + 6 moles = 10 moles

Mole Fraction of Water (H2O) = 4 moles / 10 moles = 0.4

Therefore, the mole fraction of water in the mixture is 0.4 or 40%.