How can the mass transfer kc and ultrafiltration solvent flux be increased?
Select one:
a. Another stream of fluid can flow adjacent to the membrane to accumulate solute at the membrane surface
b. Another stream of fluid can flow perpendicular to the membrane to accumulate solute at the membrane surface
c. Another stream of fluid can flow through the membrane to transport away part of the polarised solute layer
d. Another stream of fluid can flow perpendicular to the membrane to transport away part of the polarised solute layer
e. Another stream of fluid can flow adjacent to the membrane to transport away part of the polarised solute layer.
I'm pretty sure the answer is either c or d, hope someone can clarify.Thanks.
To increase mass transfer kc and ultrafiltration solvent flux, you need to consider how different mechanisms can improve solute removal from the membrane surface.
First, let's understand the options provided:
a. Another stream of fluid can flow adjacent to the membrane to accumulate solute at the membrane surface.
Explanation: This option suggests that having an additional fluid flow next to the membrane will help collect solute at the membrane surface. While this might help with concentration polarization, it doesn't directly address mass transfer or solvent flux.
b. Another stream of fluid can flow perpendicular to the membrane to accumulate solute at the membrane surface.
Explanation: This option suggests that a fluid flowing perpendicular to the membrane will help accumulate solute at the membrane surface. Similar to option a, this addresses concentration polarization but not mass transfer or solvent flux.
c. Another stream of fluid can flow through the membrane to transport away part of the polarized solute layer.
Explanation: This option proposes that a fluid can flow through the membrane to remove part of the polarized solute layer. By removing the solute layer from the membrane surface, mass transfer and solvent flux can be increased.
d. Another stream of fluid can flow perpendicular to the membrane to transport away part of the polarized solute layer.
Explanation: This option suggests that a fluid flowing perpendicular to the membrane will help eliminate part of the polarized solute layer. This mechanism can potentially improve mass transfer and solvent flux.
e. Another stream of fluid can flow adjacent to the membrane to transport away part of the polarized solute layer.
Explanation: This option proposes that having an additional fluid flow next to the membrane will help transport away part of the polarized solute layer. Similar to option d, this mechanism can enhance mass transfer and solvent flux.
Based on the explanations provided, options c and d both describe mechanisms that can increase mass transfer kc and ultrafiltration solvent flux. Therefore, the correct answer could be either option c or d.
It's worth noting that the optimal approach may depend on specific system requirements or experimental conditions.