small toy car draws a 0.50mA from a 3.0 V nickel-cadmium(NiCd) battery. In 10 min of operation, (a) how much charge flows through the toys car? (b) How much energy is lost by the battery?

To answer these questions, we'll need to use the formulas involving current, time, charge, and energy.

(a) To find the amount of charge that flows through the toy car, we can use the formula:

Charge (Q) = Current (I) x Time (t)

In this case, the current is 0.50 mA and the time is 10 min. But before we proceed, it's important to note that the current needs to be converted to Amperes (A) and time to seconds (s) to ensure consistent units in the formula.

1 mA = 0.001 A (milliamps to amps)
10 min = 10 x 60 = 600 s (minutes to seconds)

Now, let's calculate the charge (Q):

Q = 0.50 mA x 0.001 A/mA x 600 s = 0.3 C

Therefore, the charge that flows through the toy car is 0.3 coulombs.

(b) To find the amount of energy lost by the battery, we can use the formula:

Energy (E) = Voltage (V) x Charge (Q)

In this case, the voltage is 3.0 V (given) and the charge is 0.3 C (calculated in part a).

Now, let's calculate the energy (E):

E = 3.0 V x 0.3 C = 0.9 J

Therefore, the battery loses 0.9 joules of energy during the 10 minutes of operation.

To calculate the charge that flows through the toy car, you can use the formula:

Charge = Current x Time

(a) First, convert the current from milliamperes (mA) to amperes (A):

0.50 mA = 0.50 x 10^(-3) A

Next, convert the time from minutes to seconds:

10 min = 10 x 60 = 600 seconds

Now, calculate the charge:

Charge = 0.50 x 10^(-3) A x 600 s

Charge = 0.30 C

So, the charge that flows through the toy car is 0.30 Coulombs.

(b) To calculate the energy lost by the battery, you can use the formula:

Energy = Voltage x Charge

Energy = 3.0 V x 0.30 C

Energy = 0.90 Joules

Therefore, the battery loses 0.90 Joules of energy.