The various groups who make up the US public have different expectations of science. How do these differing expectations of science affect the ways groups place trust in science? Describe one example of a controversial expectation that the author gives.

Resnik, D. (2011). Scientific Research and the Public Trust. Science & Engineering Ethics, 17(3)

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Americans like science. Overwhelming majorities say that science has had a positive effect on society and that science has made life easier for most people. Most also say that government investments in science, as well as engineering and technology, pay off in the long run. And scientists are very highly rated compared with members of other professions: Only members of the military and teachers are more likely to be viewed as contributing a lot to society’s well-being.

The idea that it is important to promote public trust in scientific research has been used by so many different authors in so many different contexts that it is in danger of becoming a commonplace. Even worse, overuse of this concept may lead to doubt. Everyone seems to be in favor of promoting public trust in research, but what does this mean? Like “integrity,” “ethics,” and “human dignity,” the words “public trust,” sound good and evoke strong emotions, but they may be difficult to pin down when examined closely.
There are three good reasons for probing public trust in science in greater depth. First, it is important to have a better understanding of words and phrases used in scholarly and public debates, even when we think we know what they mean. Clarity is a virtue. Second, if people have different interpretations of public trust in scientific research, it is possible that they may be using the phrase to support contradictory policies or recommendations. Lack of clarity can lead to inconsistency in thought and action (Rosenberg 1995). Third, the published literature does not contain a careful analysis of public trust in research.
The author gives this controversial expectation, he says: “Numerous authors have argued that society trusts scientific researchers in many different ways. First, society trusts researchers with public resources (Schroeder et al. 1989). Many academic researchers work for government agencies under contracts or grants, and have access to laboratories, equipment, and materials paid for by the government. . Researchers that work for private industry usually have been educated in institutions supported, in part, by the government (Shrader-Frechette 1994). To maintain society’s trust, scientists must exhibit good stewardship of research resources, adhere to ethical standards, and generate knowledge that has useful applications (Shrader-Frechette 1994).” He goes on with 2 others.

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To understand how different expectations of science affect the ways groups place trust in science, we need to consider the various perspectives and beliefs that different groups hold. In their article "Scientific Research and the Public Trust," Resnik (2011) provides an insightful analysis of the topic.

Resnik argues that the expectation of science differs among groups due to a range of factors such as cultural, religious, and ideological differences. These differing expectations can impact how certain groups perceive and place their trust in scientific findings and expertise.

One example of a controversial expectation that Resnik highlights is the debate surrounding the theory of evolution. He explains that some religious groups hold a belief in literal interpretation of creation stories, leading to skepticism or even rejection of evolution as a scientific theory. These groups may view the scientific consensus on evolution as conflicting with their faith-based expectations, leading to a lack of trust in scientific claims.

This controversial expectation reveals how differing perspectives on science can influence trust. While the scientific community widely accepts evolution as a well-supported theory, groups with religious expectations that conflict with evolutionary theory may be less inclined to trust or accept the scientific consensus. This conflict between different expectations can shape the trust individuals and groups place in science.

Overall, the differing expectations of science among various groups can significantly influence how trust is placed in scientific findings and expertise. It is crucial to acknowledge and understand these differing perspectives to foster meaningful dialogues and bridge gaps between scientific knowledge and diverse segments of the public.