How do u tell of a solute is polor or non polar based on what

Experimentally you can try dissolving polar and non-polar solids in the solvent. Since like dissolves like polar solids are soluble in polar solvent and vice versa. Remember, however, that advice sometimes fails.

Theoretically, you compare the electronegativity of the elements. In H2O, O has an electronegativity (EN) of about 3.5 and H is about 2.1. So the O end is - and the H end is + and that makes a polar molecule. To be polar a solvent must have two things.
1. It must have a polar bond (example H and O in H2O) AND
2. It must not be symmetrical in space.
Note that BOTH of these must be true for a solvent to be polar. CCl4, for example has polar bonds (4 of them) since each C-Cl bond is polar . However, CCl4 is symmetrical in space; i.e., it is a tetrahedral molecule so that polarity of each bond is canceled.
Students have trouble visualizing how CCl4 as a tetrahedral molecule makes the polarity cancel but CO2 is an easier molecule to show that. The C=O bond is polar since the EN of C is about 2.5 and that of O is 3.5. That makes the C end + and the O end - (and for CO it is polar) but if we make CO2 it looks like this. O=C=O. See that it is a linear molecule and the polarity of the left O=C cancels the polarity of the right C=O. So although EACH C=O bond is polar, the molecule as a whole is not because each one cancels the other. I hope this helps but if you have any further questions about this please don't hesitate to ask.

Dr Bob i would really like to thank you for your time this has greatly helped my learning in school

To determine whether a solute is polar or nonpolar, you need to consider its molecular structure and the electronegativities of the atoms within it. Here's how you can determine the polarity of a solute:

1. Determine the molecular structure: Look at the Lewis structure of the solute, which shows the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. If the molecule has a symmetrical shape, such as a linear or symmetrical bent shape, it is more likely to be nonpolar. However, if the molecule has an asymmetrical shape, it is more likely to be polar.

2. Identify the types of bonds: Look at the type of bonding present in the molecule. If the solute contains only non-polar covalent bonds, it will likely be nonpolar overall. Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons equally. On the other hand, if the solute contains polar covalent bonds, where two atoms share electrons unequally, the molecule is more likely to be polar overall.

3. Consider the electronegativity difference: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. If the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule is significant, it will result in a polar molecule. The greater the difference, the more polar the molecule. You can use a table of electronegativity values to compare the electronegativities of different atoms.

4. Determine the molecular polarity: If the molecule has polar bonds and is asymmetrical, it will be a polar molecule. The partial positive and negative charges in the polar bonds do not cancel out, resulting in an overall dipole moment. On the other hand, if the molecule has polar bonds but is symmetrical, these polar bonds can cancel each other out, making the molecule nonpolar.

It's important to note that accurately determining molecular polarity can sometimes be more complex when considering multiple polar bonds and their orientations in a molecule. In such cases, it's helpful to consider the overall molecular geometry and molecular dipole moments to determine the overall polarity.