describe the series of events that led to the end of egypt's power in the nile river valley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt
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The series of events that led to the decline and end of Egypt's power in the Nile River Valley can be explained as follows:
1. Persian Conquest (525 BCE): The Persian Empire, under the rule of Cambyses II, invaded Egypt and successfully conquered it. This marked the beginning of foreign rule over Egypt and weakened its independence.
2. Alexander the Great's Conquest (332 BCE): Following the Persian rule, Alexander the Great of Macedonia arrived in Egypt and was welcomed as a liberator by the Egyptians. He established the city of Alexandria and incorporated Egypt into his vast empire.
3. Ptolemaic Dynasty (305 BCE - 30 BCE): After Alexander's death, his general Ptolemy claimed Egypt as his own and founded the Ptolemaic dynasty. This period is known as the Hellenistic era, characterized by the blending of Greek and Egyptian cultures. The Ptolemies ruled Egypt for almost three centuries.
4. Roman Conquest (30 BCE): Egypt's decline continued when the Roman general Octavian, later known as Emperor Augustus, defeated the famous Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII and conquered Egypt. Egypt became a Roman province, ending the reign of the Ptolemies.
5. Divisions within the Roman Empire: Over time, the Roman Empire faced internal issues, including political instability and economic crises. These issues affected Egypt as well, leading to a decline in its power and influence within the Nile River Valley.
6. Arab-Muslim Conquest (7th century): The rise of Islam and the Arab-Muslim expansion introduced new conquerors to the region. The Arab-Muslim armies, led by the Rashidun Caliphate, conquered Egypt, ending the Roman rule and marking the beginning of Arab-Muslim dominance in the Nile River Valley.
7. Ottoman Empire (16th century): Later, the Ottomans took control of Egypt and ruled for several centuries. Despite being conquered by foreign powers, Egypt remained an important trade and cultural center.
In summary, Egypt's decline and the end of its power in the Nile River Valley can be attributed to a combination of foreign invasions, internal divisions within ruling dynasties, and shifts in regional power dynamics.