1. As he didn't know what to say, he remained silent.
2. Not knowing what to say, he remained silent.
(Are both the same?)
3. As he was not happy, he kept quiet.
4. Being not happy, he kept quiet.
5. Not being happy, he kept quiet.
(What about these sentences? Do we have to use #4 or #5?)
"As he…" seems awkward.
5 is better than 4.
1. As he didn't know what to say, he remained silent.
2. Not knowing what to say, he remained silent.
These two sentences have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.
3. As he was not happy, he kept quiet.
4. Being not happy, he kept quiet.
5. Not being happy, he kept quiet.
Out of these three sentences, I would suggest using sentence #3. It is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning clearly. Sentence #4 and #5 sound a bit awkward and less natural. Remember, it's important to choose sentence structures that are clear and easy to understand.
1. "As he didn't know what to say, he remained silent." - This sentence indicates that the reason for his silence is his lack of knowledge about what to say.
2. "Not knowing what to say, he remained silent." - This sentence conveys the same meaning as the first one but is phrased in a more concise way.
Both Sentence 1 and Sentence 2 have similar meanings, but Sentence 2 is more commonly used and considered more idiomatic.
Regarding the other sentences:
3. "As he was not happy, he kept quiet." - This sentence suggests that his silence is a result of his unhappiness.
4. "Being not happy, he kept quiet." - This sentence is grammatically incorrect. Instead, you could say "Being unhappy, he kept quiet."
5. "Not being happy, he kept quiet." - This sentence is grammatically correct and conveys the same meaning as Sentence 3, but it is not as commonly used or idiomatic.
1. As he didn't know what to say, he remained silent.
In this sentence, the subordinate clause "he didn't know what to say" is connected to the main clause "he remained silent" by the conjunction "as." The use of "didn't know" suggests a lack of knowledge or understanding, which resulted in his silence.
2. Not knowing what to say, he remained silent.
This sentence uses a participial phrase "Not knowing what to say" to convey the same meaning as the first sentence. The participle "not knowing" serves as an adjective modifying the subject "he," indicating his lack of knowledge.
Generally, both sentences express the same idea of someone remaining silent due to their inability to come up with something to say. However, the second sentence conveys the same meaning more succinctly by using a participial phrase.
Moving on to the next set of sentences:
3. As he was not happy, he kept quiet.
In this sentence, the subordinate clause "he was not happy" is connected to the main clause "he kept quiet" by the conjunction "as." This suggests that his lack of happiness led to his decision to remain quiet.
4. Being not happy, he kept quiet.
This sentence also uses a participial phrase "Being not happy" as an adjective describing the subject "he." However, the phrasing here is not idiomatic or commonly used in English. Native English speakers typically use "not being happy" instead.
5. Not being happy, he kept quiet.
Here, the participial phrase "Not being happy" conveys the same meaning as the previous sentences. The negative modifier "not" emphasizes the absence of happiness, indicating why he chose to be quiet.
To summarize, sentences #3 and #5 are both grammatically correct and convey the intended meaning. It is preferable to use "not being happy" (sentence #5) rather than "being not happy" (sentence #4).