1. When evolution was first proposed, which of the following was used as evidence to support the idea?

A. observations of nature
B. laboratory experiments
C. extensive fossil collections
D. genetic sequences
2. How did Darwin and Lamarck differ in their thinking about change in species?
A. Darwin thought that organisms could induce their own changes, while Lamarck thought that change could only be induced by an organism's environment
B. Darwin thought that change could occur in individual organisms, while Lamarck thought that change could only occur across generations
C. Darwin thought that genes controlled a species' ability to survive, while Lamarck thought that genes were only one part of a species' ability to adopt
D. Darwin thought that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck thought that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult
I think 2 is either C or D

1. No.

2. Which do you choose?

http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/lamarck-and-darwin-summary-theories/

1. The correct answer is C. extensive fossil collections. Fossils provide evidence of past organisms and their characteristics, allowing scientists to study patterns of change over time and support the idea of evolution.

2. The correct answer is D. Darwin thought that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck thought that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult. Darwin's theory of natural selection suggests that organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual change of species over time. Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics proposed that organisms can pass on adaptations that they acquired during their lifetime.

To answer question 1, we need to look at the evidence that was used to support the idea of evolution when it was first proposed.

A. Observations of nature: This was one of the key pieces of evidence used to support evolution. Scientists observed variations in traits within species and noted that these variations were heritable, meaning they could be passed on to future generations. This suggested that these variations could potentially lead to the formation of new species over time.

B. Laboratory experiments: While laboratory experiments can be used to study certain aspects of evolution, such as natural selection, they were not a primary source of evidence when evolution was first proposed. At that time, the understanding of genetic mechanisms and laboratory techniques for studying them were limited.

C. Extensive fossil collections: Fossils played a crucial role in providing evidence for evolution. By studying the remains of ancient organisms, scientists could see evidence of species that no longer exist and observe changes in features and characteristics over time. Fossils provided a record of the history of life on Earth and supported the idea that species have evolved and changed over long periods of time.

D. Genetic sequences: The understanding of genetic sequences and their role in evolution came much later. While genetics provides strong evidence for evolution today, it was not a part of the initial evidence used to support the idea when it was first proposed.

Therefore, the correct answer to question 1 is probably C - extensive fossil collections.

Now let's move on to question 2, which asks about the differences between Darwin and Lamarck's thinking about change in species.

A. Darwin thought that organisms could induce their own changes, while Lamarck thought that change could only be induced by an organism's environment: This statement is not accurate. Lamarck proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting that organisms could pass on traits they acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwin, on the other hand, proposed the idea of natural selection, where variations in traits already existing in the population are selected for or against based on their fitness in the environment.

B. Darwin thought that change could occur in individual organisms, while Lamarck thought that change could only occur across generations: This statement is partially correct. Darwin did propose that change occurs through the accumulation of small variations in individual organisms over time. Lamarck, on the other hand, believed that changes acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed directly to the next generation, leading to change across generations.

C. Darwin thought that genes controlled a species' ability to survive, while Lamarck thought that genes were only one part of a species' ability to adopt: This statement is not accurate. Both Darwin and Lamarck did not have a clear understanding of genes as we do now. Lamarck's theory did not consider genes, as his focus was on the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin's theory, although he did not have knowledge of genes, proposed that variations in traits contribute to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, which ultimately shapes the changes in a species over time.

D. Darwin thought that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck thought that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult: This statement is accurate. Darwin emphasized the struggle for existence and the role of natural selection in determining which variations are favored in a given environment. Lamarck, in contrast, believed that organisms could make adjustments or changes in response to their environment, allowing them to better adapt and survive.

Therefore, the correct answer to question 2 is D - Darwin thought that organisms had to struggle to survive, while Lamarck thought that organisms could make adjustments when conditions became difficult.