What is the monomer and polymer structure of DNA?
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The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide, while the polymer structure is a double-stranded helical structure known as a double helix.
To understand the monomer structure of DNA, first, we need to know about nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of three main components: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in the case of DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four different nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
To determine the polymer structure of DNA, we need to understand how nucleotides join together. The sugar and phosphate groups of consecutive nucleotides form a backbone of the DNA molecule, with the nitrogenous bases project from the backbone. The nitrogenous bases from one DNA strand pair with the complementary bases of the other strand through hydrogen bonding. Specifically, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), while guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).
This complementary pairing forms the famous double helix structure of DNA. The two strands of the helix are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions. The pairing of complementary bases stabilizes the DNA structure.
In summary, the monomer unit of DNA is a nucleotide, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. The polymer structure is a double helix comprising two strands of nucleotides held together by complementary base pairing.