What is a species that has various dominate and recessive trait? What is the cross with the species that shows how the dominant and recessive traits are passed on to offspring?
Essentially all species have dominant and recessive traits. Once you know the genotypes of the parents, you can use a Punnett square to determine the frequencies in the offspring.
A species that exhibits various dominant and recessive traits is any species that reproduces sexually, which includes the majority of plants and animals. In sexual reproduction, traits are inherited from both parents, resulting in a combination of genetic information in the offspring.
To understand how dominant and recessive traits are passed on to the offspring, we can explore the concept of Mendelian genetics and perform a cross called a monohybrid cross.
Let's take an example of a hypothetical flowering plant species. Suppose there are two traits under consideration: flower color and flower height. Flower color has two variations, red (dominant) and white (recessive), while flower height has two variations, tall (dominant) and short (recessive).
To observe the inheritance of these traits, we can perform a monohybrid cross between two plants that have different phenotypes for the traits. Let's say we cross a plant with red flowers and tall height (RRTT) with a plant with white flowers and short height (rrtt). In this cross, R represents the allele for red flower color, r represents the allele for white flower color, T represents the allele for tall height, and t represents the allele for short height.
The parental generation (P generation) would be:
Male parent: RRTT (Red flowers, Tall height)
Female parent: rrtt (White flowers, Short height)
The offspring generation (F1 generation) resulting from this cross would be:
RT (Red flowers, Tall height) x RT (Red flowers, Tall height)
The possible combinations in the F1 generation would be: RRTT, RRTt, RRtt, RRtt, RrTT, RrTt, Rrtt, Rrtt.
Based on Mendelian genetics, the dominant traits (red flowers and tall height) will be expressed in the F1 generation as long as they are present in the genotype (R or T). Therefore, in this cross, all the offspring in the F1 generation would have red flowers and tall height. However, they would be heterozygous, carrying both dominant and recessive alleles.
To determine how these dominant and recessive traits will be passed on to future generations, we can perform crosses between the F1 generation individuals. For example, crossing two F1 generation plants (RrTt x RrTt) would give us insights into the expression of these traits in the F2 generation.
By performing these crosses and observing the phenotypes of the offspring over multiple generations, we can understand how dominant and recessive traits are passed on and inherited within a particular species.