In what part of the cell does translation occur?
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "cell translation" to get these possible sources:
https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=cell+translation&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. To understand how to arrive at this answer, we need to have some basic knowledge of the cellular processes involved in gene expression.
Gene expression consists of two main steps: transcription and translation.
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into mRNA (messenger RNA) in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell or in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell. It involves the enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizing an mRNA molecule that is complementary to one strand of the DNA.
After transcription, the mRNA molecule is exported from the nucleus (in eukaryotes) or directly used (in prokaryotes) and carries the genetic information from the DNA to the site of translation.
Translation is the process by which the mRNA molecule is translated into a specific protein sequence. It takes place in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
During translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, which are complex molecular machines composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The ribosomes move along the mRNA strand and "read" it in groups of three nucleotides, called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, which is added to the growing protein chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the end of the protein synthesis.
Therefore, the answer to the question is that translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, where the ribosomes are located and where the mRNA is available for protein synthesis.