What is a mutation? How does this change the information in a DNA molecule?
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "mutation DNA" to get these possible sources:
https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=mutation+DNA&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.
What is a mutation?
a mutation is a change of a nucleotide sequence (AGTGCCATAA etc.) of the genome of an organism.
How does this change the information in a DNA molecule?
It changed the order of the nucleotide sequence. I.e. if you had a CTG sequence that codes for a protein that makes you blue and a mutation comes and changed it to CGT, you'll turn green.
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome. It can occur due to various factors such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, or spontaneous changes. Mutations can have different effects on the information in a DNA molecule.
There are three main types of mutations:
1. Substitution: This type of mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another. For example, an adenine (A) might be replaced by a cytosine (C). Depending on the specific location and function of the nucleotide, this substitution may or may not result in a change in the protein sequence. If it occurs within a coding region of a gene, it could potentially change the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.
2. Insertion: An insertion mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence. This can shift the reading frame of the gene, leading to a completely different protein being produced. Alternatively, it may disrupt gene expression or cause premature termination of protein synthesis.
3. Deletion: In a deletion mutation, one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence. Like an insertion mutation, this can also alter the reading frame, resulting in a different protein sequence or premature termination of protein synthesis.
In summary, mutations can change the information in a DNA molecule by altering the sequence of nucleotides. These changes can potentially impact gene expression, protein synthesis, and ultimately affect the functioning of an organism.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genetic material. It can occur in different ways and can result in various effects, ranging from no discernible impact to significant changes in an organism's traits.
Mutations can be caused by several factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or errors in DNA replication or repair mechanisms. One of the most common types of mutation is a point mutation, where a single nucleotide base (A, T, C, or G) is replaced by another base. This can lead to different consequences:
1. Silent mutation: When the change in the DNA sequence does not alter the resulting amino acid sequence of the protein. This may occur because some amino acids are encoded by multiple codons (sequences of three nucleotides). Hence, even if one base changes, it might still code for the same amino acid.
2. Missense mutation: When the change in the DNA sequence leads to the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein. This can affect the structure or function of the protein, potentially leading to altered traits.
3. Nonsense mutation: When the change in the DNA sequence introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein that is usually nonfunctional.
4. Frameshift mutation: When the addition or deletion of nucleotide(s) alters the reading frame of the codons in the DNA sequence. This can completely change the resulting amino acid sequence, often leading to a nonfunctional protein.
These are just a few examples of the types of mutations and their effects. Mutations can have diverse impacts on an organism's DNA, protein synthesis, and ultimately its traits.