How is the Spivak and Sharp (2008) study a replication of the prior study by Bales and colleagues (2005)?

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To understand how the Spivak and Sharp (2008) study is a replication of the prior study by Bales and colleagues (2005), you can follow these steps:

1. Identify the prior study: In this case, it is the study conducted by Bales and colleagues in 2005. Gather information about what they researched, the research question they examined, and the main findings.

2. Identify the replication study: In this case, it is the study conducted by Spivak and Sharp in 2008. Understand the motivation behind their replication attempt, their research question, and what they intended to assess.

3. Compare the research questions: Analyze the research questions of the two studies to identify if they are similar or related. Are Spivak and Sharp trying to replicate the findings of Bales and colleagues, or are they investigating a different aspect of the same phenomenon?

4. Analyze the methodological similarities: Compare the methodologies employed by the two studies. Are the research designs, participant characteristics, or data collection procedures similar or identical? Assess if there are any notable differences in the replication study in terms of sample size, measures used, or experimental conditions.

5. Assess the findings: Examine the results of both studies to determine if there are any similarities or differences in the outcomes. Did Spivak and Sharp find results that align with Bales and colleagues' original findings? Did they identify any inconsistencies or new insights?

6. Consider the implications: Reflect on the significance of the replication study. Did the findings of Spivak and Sharp support or challenge the conclusions of the prior study? Did they contribute to the overall understanding of the phenomenon under investigation?

By following these steps, you can assess the relationship between the Spivak and Sharp (2008) study and the prior Bales et al. (2005) study and understand how the former serves as a replication attempt.