1. Which of the following would be of greatest concern from an ethical standpoint?

A. The number of homicide victims in a given place during a given time period

B. The legal elements of the crime of homicide

C. Whether capital punishment is a justifiable response to the crime of homicide

D. How class, race, and gender impact the decision-making of homicide offenders

is it D

2. With regard to professional codes of ethics, the problem of enforcement suggests that:
A. codes can sometimes be wrong.

B. codes can encourage employees to do only the minimum.

C. violations of ethical codes are not always detected and reported.

D. police and correctional officers may not believe that codes apply to them.

is it C

1. no

2. yes

To answer the first question, which asks about the greatest ethical concern, we need to review each option and determine which one raises the most significant ethical issues.

A. The number of homicide victims in a given place during a given time period: While the number of homicide victims is a tragic and concerning issue, it does not necessarily involve ethics but rather focuses more on public safety and crime prevention.

B. The legal elements of the crime of homicide: This option pertains to the technical aspects of the crime, such as the definition, elements, and legal consequences. These considerations are primarily related to the law rather than ethics.

C. Whether capital punishment is a justifiable response to the crime of homicide: This option delves into the moral and ethical debate surrounding the death penalty. It raises questions about the right to life, punishment, human dignity, and fairness. Thus, it is a strong contender for the answer.

D. How class, race, and gender impact the decision-making of homicide offenders: This option deals with the social factors influencing the decision-making process of homicide offenders. It addresses issues of inequality, bias, and systemic discrimination, which are closely related to ethics.

Upon evaluating all the options, it can be argued that option D, "How class, race, and gender impact the decision-making of homicide offenders," is of greatest concern from an ethical standpoint. This choice addresses underlying societal factors that contribute to the commission of crimes and raises concerns about fairness, equal treatment, and social justice.

Regarding the second question, which asks about the problem of enforcing professional codes of ethics, we need to assess the options to identify the most fitting response.

A. Codes can sometimes be wrong: While it is possible for codes to contain inaccuracies or be subject to debate, this option does not specifically relate to the problem of enforcement.

B. Codes can encourage employees to do only the minimum: This option recognizes the potential risk of employees adhering to the minimum requirements stated in the ethical codes. However, it doesn't explicitly address enforcement as a problem.

C. Violations of ethical codes are not always detected and reported: This option highlights a key issue in enforcing ethical codes. It suggests that some violations may go undetected or unreported, which hampers the effective implementation and enforcement of ethical standards.

D. Police and correctional officers may not believe that codes apply to them: This option identifies a specific challenge in enforcing ethical codes amongst law enforcement personnel, who may perceive that the codes do not apply to them. While this is a legitimate concern, it does not encompass the broader problem of enforcement faced by professions as a whole.

Based on the analysis, option C, "Violations of ethical codes are not always detected and reported," aligns closely with the problem of enforcing professional codes of ethics. It recognizes the potential difficulties in identifying and reporting violations, which undermines the effectiveness of ethical standards in practice. Therefore, option C is the most suitable choice.