how do you draw a bohr diagram of a atom and a ion and how are they different????
Here is a site that does a much better job than I can do on this site. An atom that has one or more electrons too many or too few for the neutral atom is an ion.
To draw a Bohr diagram of an atom, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the atomic number, which represents the number of protons in the atom's nucleus. This number also indicates the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
2. Distribute the electrons into energy levels or shells, starting from the innermost shell and moving outward. The first energy level can hold up to 2 electrons, the second energy level can hold up to 8 electrons, and so on. Remember to fill the lower energy levels before moving to the next.
3. Place one electron in each orbital of the energy levels until the maximum number is reached.
4. If there are any remaining electrons, add them one by one, ensuring that each orbital has one electron before pairing them up.
To draw a Bohr diagram of an ion, follow the same steps as for an atom but take into account the charge of the ion. An ion is formed when an atom either gains or loses electrons, resulting in a different number of electrons compared to a neutral atom. There are two types of ions:
1. Cations: These are ions that have lost electrons, resulting in a positive charge. To draw the Bohr diagram of a cation, subtract the number of lost electrons from the original atom and then fill the energy levels accordingly.
2. Anions: These are ions that have gained electrons, resulting in a negative charge. To draw the Bohr diagram of an anion, add the number of gained electrons to the original atom and fill the energy levels accordingly.
The key difference between a Bohr diagram of an atom and an ion is the number of electrons. An atom has the same number of electrons as protons in its nucleus, while an ion has a different number of electrons due to gaining or losing electrons. Additionally, the charge of an ion (positive or negative) affects the overall structure of the Bohr diagram.