3. By the end of the thirteenth century, the institutionalization of the English Parliament:
A. provided the foundation for the absolute rule of the monarch.
B. enabled the barons and church lords to establish themselves in the House of Commons.
C. was a system of power sharing between the monarch and groups within the society.
D. enabled the knights and burgesses to establish themselves in the House of Lords.
is it C
4. France's first parliament, begun under Philip IV, was the:
A. Chambre des Comptes.
B. Parlement.
C. Diet of Paris.
D. Estates-General.
is it D
To answer question 3, you need to understand the historical context of the institutionalization of the English Parliament by the end of the thirteenth century. The English Parliament was a governing body that consisted of representatives from different groups, including the clergy, nobility, and commoners.
Option A suggests that the institutionalization of the Parliament provided the foundation for the absolute rule of the monarch. This is not accurate because the establishment of Parliament actually limited the power of the monarch by balancing it with the influence of other groups within society.
Option B suggests that the barons and church lords established themselves in the House of Commons. This is not correct because the barons and church lords were actually part of the House of Lords, which consisted of the upper nobility and clergy. The House of Commons, on the other hand, was initially made up of knights and burgesses, representing the commoners.
Option D suggests that the knights and burgesses established themselves in the House of Lords. This is also incorrect because the House of Lords was primarily composed of the upper nobility and clergy, not the knights and burgesses. The knights and burgesses were part of the House of Commons, which represented the commoners.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C. The institutionalization of the English Parliament was a system of power sharing between the monarch and various groups within society. The Parliament served as a means for the different groups to have a voice in the governance of the country and helped to check the power of the monarch.
For question 4, you need to know the historical details regarding the first parliament in France, established under Philip IV.
Option A, Chambre des Comptes, refers to a specific administrative body responsible for maintaining financial records and accounts. While it played a role in governance, it is not the correct answer to the question.
Option B, Parlement, is the correct answer. The Parlement of Paris was established by Philip IV and served as the highest court of justice in France. It also had a limited role in political decision-making.
Option C, Diet of Paris, is not correct. A diet typically refers to a legislative assembly or council, but there is no historical evidence of a specific "Diet of Paris" associated with Philip IV.
Option D, Estates-General, refers to a later institution that was an assembly of representatives from the three estates (clergy, nobility, and commoners) in France. It was not established by Philip IV and did not serve as his first parliament.
Therefore, the correct answer to question 4 is option B, Parlement.