nationalist movements:

a. all began as traditionalist, religiously based movements
b. were called "tongs" in China
c. were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values
d. did not begin in Southeast Asia until the 1930's

Nationalist movements in Asia?

I'll be glad to check your answer.

Were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values.

Began as traditionalist religiously based movements

To determine the correct answer, let's break down each option and analyze it:

a. All began as traditionalist, religiously based movements: This option is not entirely accurate. While some nationalist movements may have had religious influences or elements, not all of them began as traditionalist or religiously based movements. Many nationalist movements were driven by political, economic, and social factors rather than solely by religious beliefs.

b. Were called "tongs" in China: This option is incorrect. "Tongs" refers to secret societies in China and has no direct association with nationalist movements.

c. Were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values: This option is partially correct. In some cases, nationalist movements were indeed led by individuals who were influenced by or had extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values. However, it is not a criterion that applies to all nationalist movements. Many movements were driven by indigenous leaders who focused on local issues and aspirations.

d. Did not begin in Southeast Asia until the 1930s: This option is not accurate. Southeast Asia witnessed nationalist movements much earlier than the 1930s. Nationalist movements in Southeast Asia emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to colonial rule.

Considering the analysis above, the correct answer is: none of the above options are completely accurate.