What is the true thickness of each of the sun's layers (core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona)? What is the age, composition, average density, period of rotation, distance from Earth, and source of energy from the sun?

There is a lot of information at this site on the sun.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

To determine the true thickness of each layer of the Sun, we can consult scientific research and measurements made by solar observations. However, it's important to note that the Sun is a dynamic celestial body, and these measurements may vary slightly based on different data sources and scientific models.

The layers of the Sun, going from the core outward, are:

1. Core: The core is the central region of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs. It has the highest temperature and density. The true thickness of the core is estimated to be around 10% of the Sun's radius, which is approximately 1.4 million kilometers.

2. Radiation zone: Surrounding the core, the radiation zone is a region where energy from nuclear reactions in the core is transported through radiative diffusion. The thickness of the radiation zone is estimated to be around 30% of the Sun's radius, which is roughly 4.2 million kilometers.

3. Convection zone: Above the radiation zone, the convection zone is where energy is transported through convection. The thickness of the convection zone is approximately 40% of the Sun's radius, which is around 5.6 million kilometers.

4. Photosphere: The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun. It is relatively thin, with a thickness of around 500 kilometers.

5. Chromosphere: Above the photosphere lies the chromosphere, which is a thin layer of gas that emits reddish light during solar eclipses. The thickness of the chromosphere is estimated to be around 2,000 kilometers.

6. Corona: The outermost layer of the Sun is the corona, which is the Sun's faint outer atmosphere. The thickness of the corona is highly variable and can extend several million kilometers into space.

Regarding the other characteristics of the Sun:

- Age: The Sun is estimated to be around 4.6 billion years old, based on the age of the solar system.

- Composition: The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen (about 74% by mass) and helium (about 24% by mass), with small amounts of other elements, such as oxygen, carbon, and iron.

- Average Density: The average density of the Sun is about 1.41 grams per cubic centimeter, which is considerably lower than Earth's average density.

- Period of Rotation: The Sun's equator rotates faster than its poles. It takes around 27 days for the Sun to complete one rotation at its equator, while the rotation period increases towards its poles.

- Distance from Earth: The average distance from Earth to the Sun, known as an astronomical unit (AU), is about 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers.

- Source of Energy: The Sun's energy is primarily generated through nuclear fusion in its core. Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy in the process.

It's important to note that scientific research continues to refine our understanding of the Sun, and new data and measurements can lead to updates and more accurate values for these parameters.