what is one example of a specific case used by scientists for organ cloning?? (therapeutic cloning)

One example of therapeutic cloning used by scientists for organ cloning is the creation of human embryonic stem cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Here's an explanation of the process and how scientists use it:

1. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT): SCNT involves the removal of the nucleus from an unfertilized egg cell (oocyte) and replacing it with the nucleus of a somatic cell (body cell). This somatic cell can be taken from the patient who needs the organ transplant.

2. Egg cell activation: The manipulated oocyte with the somatic cell nucleus is then stimulated to start dividing by applying an electrical or chemical stimulus. This triggers the egg to begin the development process, just like in natural fertilization.

3. Embryo development: The activated oocyte starts dividing and forms an early-stage embryo. This embryo contains the same genetic material as the person whose somatic cell nucleus was used. It could potentially develop into various tissues and organs.

4. Harvesting stem cells: After a few days of growth, stem cells are isolated from the developing embryo. These are known as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These cells have the ability to differentiate into any cell type, including the specific organ cells needed for transplantation.

By generating patient-specific embryonic stem cells through SCNT, scientists can study diseases, test potential drugs, and potentially grow organs for transplantation, addressing the shortage of donor organs. Although this technique holds promise, it is highly complex and still a subject of ongoing research and ethical debates.