i am confused with the concept when electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a battery then why the negative one is called lower potential and positive one higher potential while the difference in negative charges is termed as potential difference?

Outside the battery, electrons do flow from negative (cathode) to positive (anode). Why? The chemicals attached to the anode will need (gain) electrons when the circuit is completed, those electrons then assist the chemical reaction. At the negative terminal, inside the battery, the chemical reaction needs to lose electrons. So when the external circuit is completed, the chemical reactions move electrons from the cathode (negative terminal) to the anode. Eventually, this stops, when the chemical reactions are complete.

Now Potential. Many years ago, the early sciententists did not know that in wires, electrons carried the charge. They actually annualized the opposite, and current flowed from higher potential to lower potential (think of a water fall). High potential was the source of this current (again, the waterfall). It stuck. So now we still (in engineering, and physics, say current flow is from positive to negative, when we know ELECTRON FLOW is exactly the opposite. Some teachers think this is too hard for understand for students, so they just say current flow is from negative to positive. Then students really get confused in college when profs and texts have it from positive to negative (remember, current flow is defined as the direction a POSITIVE charge carrier would go).

Now potential, in that view, the higher potential (like the waterfall), is the highest positive number.

Now consider the waterfall.
top of fall is 100m above observer.
the water hits three places, one is 15 m above the observer, one is 34 m below the observer, and the last is 65m below the observer. The potentials are
+100, 15, -34, -65

Lets look at potential difference:
between top and first landing (85)
between first landing and bottom(80)
between bottom two (-34 - (-65))=31 notice it is positive! like the waterfall again.

I hope this helps.

Lord: My eyes. Not "annualized" but visualized.

you mean that higher potential is related with electric current!!!!I understood

The concept of potential difference in an electric circuit can be confusing, but I'm here to help clarify it for you.

In a battery, there is a chemical process happening that generates a flow of electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles, and they move from the negative terminal (cathode) of the battery to the positive terminal (anode). The conventional current direction is opposite to the flow of electrons, from positive to negative.

The terms "lower potential" and "higher potential" refer to the electrical potential energy of the charges. Electric potential energy is the energy that charged particles possess due to their position in an electric field. The electric potential energy of a charge decreases as it moves from a higher potential to a lower potential.

By convention, the potential at the negative terminal of the battery is considered to be zero. So, when electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, they are moving from a lower potential (zero) to a higher potential (which is created by the battery). This movement is due to the difference in electric potential energy between the two terminals.

The difference in potential between two points in an electric circuit is called the potential difference or voltage. It is measured in volts (V). So, when we talk about the potential difference across a battery, we are referring to the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between its positive and negative terminals.

In summary, the negative terminal of a battery is considered to have a lower potential because it is the starting point for the flow of electrons. The positive terminal has a higher potential as it provides the energy to move the electrons against their natural direction. The difference in negative charges (i.e., the flow of electrons) is what creates the potential difference or voltage between the two terminals.