1)What items did Harappans trade with peoples in the Sumerian region?
2)What is the probable cause of the end of Indus Valley culture?
I NEED DIRECT ANSWERS PLEASE!
1. Pottery
http://www.csuchico.edu/~cheinz/syllabi/asst001/fall97/2chd.htm
2. Invasion of the Aryans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization#Collapse_and_Late_Harappan
1) The Harappans, an ancient civilization in the Indus Valley, traded a variety of goods with peoples in the Sumerian region. Some of the items they traded included precious metals (such as gold, silver, and copper), semi-precious stones (such as lapis lazuli), cotton textiles, ivory, shells, and possibly even timber and livestock. This trade facilitated cultural exchange and economic development between the Harappans and the people of the Sumerian region.
To find a direct answer to this question, you may refer to reliable historical sources on ancient trade routes, archaeological findings, and academic papers or books on Harappan civilization and the Sumerian region.
2) The exact cause of the end of the Indus Valley culture, also known as the Harappan civilization, remains a subject of speculation among archaeologists and historians. There is no single agreed-upon theory, but several possible factors have been suggested. It is important to note that these theories are not definitive, but they provide insights into different perspectives:
- Environmental changes: Some scholars propose that a shift in climate patterns, such as the drying up of rivers or changes in monsoon patterns, may have contributed to the decline of the Harappan civilization. This could have resulted in reduced agricultural productivity, disrupted trade networks, and social unrest.
- Aryan invasion: Another theory suggests that the arrival of the Indo-Aryans, possibly as invaders, could have led to the decline and eventual assimilation of the Harappan culture. However, this theory is debated among historians, as there is limited concrete evidence to support a large-scale invasion.
- Decline of trade networks: Disruptions in long-distance trade, possibly due to changes in trade routes or political instability, may have negatively impacted the economic prosperity of the Indus Valley cities, leading to their decline.
To explore further and find direct answers, you can consult different scholarly articles, research papers, and books that discuss the Indus Valley civilization, archaeological studies, and theories regarding its decline.