Suppose a solution containing 4.50g of sodium phosphate is mixed with a solution containing 3.75g of barium nitrate. How many grams of barium phosphate can be produced?
See your post above. All of these stoichiometry problems are worked the same way. The equation is
2Na3PO4 + 3Ba(NO3)2 ==> 6NaNO3 + Ba3(PO4)2
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To find out how many grams of barium phosphate can be produced, we first need to determine which reactant is limiting, meaning which reactant will run out first and determine the amount of product that can form.
Let's start by writing the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) and barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2):
3 Na3PO4 + 2 Ba(NO3)2 → Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 NaNO3
According to the balanced equation, it takes three moles of sodium phosphate to react with two moles of barium nitrate to produce one mole of barium phosphate. This means the mole ratio of sodium phosphate to barium phosphate is 3:1.
1. Calculate the number of moles for each reactant:
For sodium phosphate:
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of Na3PO4 = 4.50g / (22.99g/mol + 3(30.97g/mol) + 4(16.00g/mol))
= 4.50g / 163.94g/mol
= 0.0274 mol
For barium nitrate:
Number of moles of Ba(NO3)2 = 3.75g / (137.33g/mol + 2(14.01g/mol) + 6(16.00g/mol))
= 3.75g / 261.34g/mol
= 0.0143 mol
2. Identify the limiting reactant:
Since the mole ratio of Na3PO4 to Ba3(PO4)2 is 3:1, it means that 0.0274 mol of Na3PO4 can produce 0.0274 mol of Ba3(PO4)2. However, since we have only 0.0143 mol of Ba(NO3)2, which is less than 0.0274 mol, it means that Ba(NO3)2 is the limiting reactant. Hence, the reaction will produce as much barium phosphate as can be formed from 0.0143 mol of Ba(NO3)2.
3. Calculate the mass of barium phosphate produced:
To find the mass, we need to multiply the number of moles of barium phosphate by its molar mass.
Molar mass of Ba3(PO4)2 = (137.33g/mol × 3) + (30.97g/mol × 2) + (16.00g/mol × 8)
= 435.98g/mol
Mass of Ba3(PO4)2 = 0.0143 mol × 435.98g/mol = 6.2313g
Therefore, approximately 6.23 grams of barium phosphate can be produced.