in the behavioural equation the variable which may be a plus or minus is?

a.stimulus
b.outcome
c.habits
d.motivation
my answer is a

Don't agree. A stimulus is either there or not, rather than minus.

would c . habits be the right answer

in my text it says;

so we can say that a childs behaviour will be determined by what causes him or her to react(stimulus),in conjunction with how motivated he is at the time (motivation)and in relation to the result of the action(outcome).if we take the case of a youngster who constantly hits other children,we know that the occurrence of him hitting again will be decided by whether he has anyone to hit(stimulus),how often he has hit in the past and how motivated he is to hit at the time(habit+motivation),as well as whether he is punished)or not)for hitting (outcome)

I could see either the motivation (attracted or repelled) or the outcome (rewarding, punishing or neutral) being plus or minus.

im still thinking habits.anyone have any thoughts on this

I think its motivation

To determine which variable in the behavioral equation may be a plus or minus, we need to understand the components of the equation itself. The behavioral equation is typically expressed as:

B = f(S, E, C)

Where:
- B represents behavior
- S represents stimulus
- E represents environmental factors
- C represents personal characteristics

In this equation, stimulus (S) serves as the antecedent or trigger for behavior, while environmental factors (E) and personal characteristics (C) influence the response to the stimulus.

However, there is no direct mention of a plus or minus variable in the equation.

If we look closer at the given answer choices, we find that:
a) stimulus (S) is a potential antecedent for behavior, but it does not represent a plus or minus variable.
b) outcome is not part of the behavioral equation itself.
c) habits are not explicitly included in the equation either.
d) motivation (which is not given as an answer choice) is related to personal characteristics (C). However, the behavioral equation does not specify whether motivation can be a plus or minus variable.

Therefore, none of the provided answer choices directly correspond to a plus or minus variable in the behavioral equation.