List materials that are commonly found at home or in school that have:
a. Different structures and exhibit different properties
b. The same chemical make-up (composition) but with different structures, hence, different properties
c. The same properties but with different chemical composition and structure.
a. Different structures and exhibit different properties:
1. Wood: Wood is composed of cellulose fibers arranged in a complicated structure. It has properties like being strong, lightweight, and insulating.
2. Metal: Metals have a crystalline structure and are known for their high strength, electrical conductivity, and malleability.
3. Glass: Glass is an amorphous solid with a random arrangement of atoms. It has properties like transparency, brittleness, and resistance to chemical corrosion.
4. Plastic: Plastic materials are made up of long chains of polymers. They can vary in structure and exhibit properties like flexibility, durability, and resistance to chemicals.
5. Paper: Paper consists of fibrous materials derived from wood pulp. It has properties like being lightweight, flexible, and absorbent.
b. The same chemical make-up (composition) but with different structures, hence, different properties:
1. Diamond and graphite: Both diamond and graphite are composed solely of carbon atoms but have different structures. Diamond is a hard, transparent, and conductive material, while graphite is soft, black, and conducts electricity.
2. Graphene and graphite: Graphene is a single layer of graphite, and they have the same chemical composition (carbon). However, graphene has unique properties like being the thinnest and strongest material known, while graphite is layered and known for its lubrication properties.
3. Amorphous and crystalline silicon: Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are forms of silicon, but their structures differ. Crystalline silicon has an ordered, repeating lattice structure, making it useful for electronics, whereas amorphous silicon has a disordered structure, making it suitable for solar cells.
c. The same properties but with different chemical composition and structure:
1. Salt and sugar: Salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose) both dissolve in water, have a crystalline structure, and exhibit similar properties like being soluble, having a sweet taste, and being able to form crystals.
2. Water and hydrogen peroxide: Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both have similar properties like being colorless, odorless, and liquid at room temperature. However, they have different chemical compositions and structures.
3. Methane and ethane: Methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) are both gases at room temperature, have similar properties like being colorless and odorless, and are used as fuels. However, they have different chemical compositions and structures.