1. In Gore Vidal’s article titled “Drugs,” the word “exhortation” means:

A. language intended to incite and encourage.
B. deportation.
C. depression.
D. a sad facial expression.

is it A

2. The purpose of a causal analysis essay is to:
A. apply successfully for a job.
B. break down a process into steps.
C. explain causes and/or effects to the reader.
D. entertain.

is it C

3. In Richard Rhodes’ article titled “Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence,” the word “confections” means:
A. inventions or advances in technology.
B. timekeeping devices.
C. light but entertaining theatrical, cinematic, or literary works.
D. fines for speeding tickets.

is it A

The first two are right. I disagree with your answer for 3.

http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/17/opinion/hollow-claims-about-fantasy-violence.html

number 3 is C

Right.

For the first question, you are correct. The word "exhortation" in Gore Vidal's article titled "Drugs" means language intended to incite and encourage. To determine the meaning of a word, you can use context clues within the text. In this case, if you read the surrounding sentences or paragraphs, you will likely find evidence that supports the definition of "exhortation" as language intended to incite and encourage.

For the second question, you are also correct. The purpose of a causal analysis essay is to explain causes and/or effects to the reader. To determine the purpose of a specific type of essay, you can refer to the definition or description of that essay type. A causal analysis essay specifically focuses on explaining the causes and effects of a particular event, situation, or phenomenon.

For the third question, you are incorrect. The word "confections" in Richard Rhodes' article titled "Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence" means light but entertaining theatrical, cinematic, or literary works. To determine the meaning of a word, you can use context clues such as synonyms, antonyms, or examples given in the text. In this case, if you read the surrounding sentences or paragraphs, you might find references to plays, movies, or books that are described as "confections," indicating that the word refers to light and entertaining works.