WHAT FACTORS LED TO THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM
http://www.arcaneknowledge.org/histpoli/soviet.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/communismfalls.html
The collapse of communism was influenced by several interconnected factors. Understanding these factors involves analyzing historical events and the dynamics in different countries. Here are some key factors that contributed to the collapse of communism:
1. Economic inefficiency: Communist economies, characterized by central planning and state ownership of industries, proved to be inefficient and incapable of competing with market-driven economies. Central planning often led to resource misallocation, lack of innovation, poor quality products, and low productivity. These inefficiencies hindered the economic development and growth of communist countries.
2. Political repression: Communist regimes were known for their authoritarian rule, suppression of political dissent, and violation of human rights. Citizens gradually grew tired of the lack of political freedoms, censorship, and propaganda. Repressive policies eroded the legitimacy of communist governments and fostered public discontent.
3. Nationalism and independence movements: In some communist countries, nationalist sentiment and demands for greater self-determination emerged. For example, the collapse of the Soviet Union was accelerated by the nationalist movements in various Soviet republics, seeking independence and autonomy. These movements challenged the unity and stability of the communist system.
4. External pressure: The Cold War rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States played a significant role in the collapse of communism. The United States, along with its allies, exerted economic, political, and military pressure on communist regimes. This pressure, combined with western ideologies, economic sanctions, and arms race, contributed to the weakening of communist regimes.
5. Economic globalization: The increasing integration of economies globally and the spread of information and ideas through technology undermined the isolation of communist countries. Exposure to capitalist societies and alternative political systems fueled demands for changes and reform.
6. Reformist leaders: Within some communist countries, leaders emerged who recognized the need for economic and political reforms. Figures like Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union and Deng Xiaoping in China implemented policies like perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness). However, these reforms often created a domino effect, destabilizing the existing communist systems and ultimately leading to their collapse.
It is important to note that the collapse of communism was a complex and multifaceted process, influenced by various factors that interacted differently in different countries. The specific circumstances and events varied, but the factors mentioned above provide a general framework to understand the collapse of communism.