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2.

We would like to test whether the population mean is less than 40. Suppose that a hypothesis test is conducted to determine if the mean of the population has decreased or not. Describe what a Type II error would mean for this example.
A)
Reject H0 when the population mean has decreased.
B)
Do not reject H0 when the population mean has not decreased.
C)
Reject H0 when the population mean has not decreased.
D)
Do not reject H0 when the population mean has decreased.

A Type II error for this example would mean that the null hypothesis (H0) is not rejected when the population mean has actually decreased. Therefore, the correct answer is D) "Do not reject H0 when the population mean has decreased." This means that the statistical test failed to detect a decrease in the population mean, even though it had actually occurred.