What is the difference between Descriptive and casual studies?

I think you mean causal, not casual.

http://663studygroup.pbworks.com/w/page/1050514/Chap%2010%20Nonexperimental%20Research%3A%20Descriptive%20and%20Causal-Comparative%20Designs

Descriptive studies and causal studies are two different types of research designs used in various fields, including social sciences, statistics, and medicine. The main difference between these two types lies in their purpose and the way they draw conclusions. Let me explain further:

1. Descriptive Studies:
Descriptive studies aim to describe and summarize a particular phenomenon or population. They answer questions such as "what is happening?" or "what are the characteristics of a group?" These studies provide a detailed overview of a situation or a group of individuals without trying to establish cause-and-effect relationships. They collect information through methods like surveys, observations, and interviews, and then analyze and present the data using descriptive statistics, such as averages, percentages, or graphs.

Example: A study that examines the average age, gender distribution, and educational background of employees in a company without analyzing the impact of these factors on job performance.

In order to conduct a descriptive study, you need to define the population or sample you want to study, select a suitable data collection method, gather relevant data, and analyze it using appropriate descriptive statistical techniques.

2. Causal Studies:
Causal studies, also known as experimental or intervention studies, focus on determining cause-and-effect relationships between variables. They seek to answer questions like "what is causing a particular outcome?" or "does X cause Y?" These studies involve manipulating one or more variables (independent variables) to observe the effect on another variable (dependent variable). By comparing different groups or conditions, researchers can identify whether a particular factor influences the outcome. Causal studies collect data through experimental designs, often involving control groups, randomized assignment, and statistical analysis.

Example: A study that investigates whether a new teaching method improves student performance by comparing the test scores of students taught using the new method versus those using traditional methods.

To conduct a causal study, you need to clearly define your research question, identify the variables of interest, design an appropriate experiment or intervention, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on statistical analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships.

In summary, descriptive studies provide an overview and description of a phenomenon or group, while causal studies aim to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. It's important to choose the appropriate study design based on your research objectives and the type of conclusions you want to draw.