Suppose you start with a liquid mixture of 60% nitrogen and 40% oxygen.

Describe what happens as the temperature of this mixture increases. Be sure to
give the temperatures and compositions at which boiling begins and ends.

To describe what happens as the temperature of the liquid mixture increases, we need to understand the concept of boiling and the properties of nitrogen and oxygen.

Boiling occurs when the temperature of a liquid exceeds its boiling point, causing it to vaporize and convert into gas. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

In the given liquid mixture of 60% nitrogen and 40% oxygen, both nitrogen and oxygen have different boiling points due to their different physical properties.

Nitrogen has a boiling point of -195.79°C (-320.42°F) at atmospheric pressure, while oxygen has a boiling point of -183.0°C (-297.4°F) at atmospheric pressure.

As the temperature of the mixture increases, the nitrogen and oxygen will start to vaporize independently. The component with the lower boiling point will evaporate first.

At temperatures below -195.79°C (-320.42°F), the mixture will remain in a liquid state, as nitrogen is still in its liquid form.

At temperatures between -195.79°C (-320.42°F) and -183.0°C (-297.4°F), the nitrogen will start to boil and convert into gas, while the oxygen will remain in the liquid state. This is because the temperature has surpassed nitrogen's boiling point, but not oxygen's.

At temperatures above -183.0°C (-297.4°F), both nitrogen and oxygen will be in the gaseous state, as their respective boiling points have been surpassed.

To summarize:
- Boiling begins for the mixture when the temperature reaches -195.79°C (-320.42°F), as nitrogen starts to vaporize.
- Boiling ends for the mixture when the temperature reaches -183.0°C (-297.4°F), as oxygen starts to vaporize.

It's worth noting that the exact boiling temperatures may vary slightly due to factors such as impurities and pressure. So, it's always important to refer to accurate data sources for precise boiling points of substances.