identify and state the human and environmental factors causing HIV the under discussion

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155340/

Human factors contributing to the transmission and spread of HIV include:

1. Unsafe sexual practices: Engaging in unprotected sex, having multiple sexual partners, or engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors can increase the chances of contracting and transmitting HIV.

2. Sharing contaminated needles and syringes: Intravenous drug use involving the sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia can lead to the spread of HIV.

3. Mother-to-child transmission: Pregnant women living with HIV can transmit the virus to their infants during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding if proper preventive measures are not taken.

4. Lack of knowledge and awareness: Insufficient knowledge about HIV transmission, prevention methods, and stigma surrounding HIV can contribute to the continuing spread of the virus.

Environmental factors that may impact HIV transmission and management include:

1. Limited access to healthcare: Inadequate access to HIV testing, treatment, and care services can hinder prevention efforts and lead to increased transmission rates.

2. Poverty and socioeconomic disparities: Economic inequalities, lack of education, and limited resources can prevent individuals from accessing necessary healthcare services and implementing preventive measures.

3. Stigma and discrimination: Social stigma associated with HIV infection may discourage people from getting tested, seeking treatment, or disclosing their HIV status, leading to delayed diagnosis and increased transmission.

4. Migration and population mobility: Movement of individuals across regions or countries, including migration patterns and population displacement due to conflict or natural disasters, can facilitate the spread of HIV.

To understand the factors causing HIV in a specific region or context, it is important to refer to local epidemiological data, research studies, and public health reports. These sources provide valuable insights into the prevailing human behaviors, social determinants, and environmental factors contributing to HIV transmission and control efforts.