The process of inhalation in the lung may be modelled (very simplistically) by the pV diagram shown below , in which the pressure drops sharply in the lungs at constant volume, followed by expansion at constant pressure, and then finished by the pressure returning to atmospheric at constant volume. Assume the temperature inside the lungs is steady 37 degrees celsius.

a)How many moles of air are added to the lungs during the inhalation process? how many grams is that?

b) how much work is dones during the entire inhalation process i-f?

without the diagram, I am unsure how to answer you.

b. work will be the area inside the PV enclosed graph.

To answer these questions, we need to make some assumptions and use basic equations from thermodynamics:

a) To determine the number of moles of air added to the lungs during inhalation, we need to use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of air, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

In the given scenario, the process is divided into three stages:
1. Pressure drops sharply at constant volume: In this stage, the volume remains constant, so the moles of air stay the same.
2. Expansion at constant pressure: In this stage, the pressure remains constant at atmospheric pressure, and the temperature also remains constant at 37 degrees Celsius. To calculate the number of moles of air added, we can use the ideal gas law.
3. Pressure returns to atmospheric at constant volume: In this last stage, the volume remains constant, so the moles of air stay the same.

First, we need to convert the given temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. The Kelvin temperature is obtained by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature:
T = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15 K.

Now, let's determine the number of moles of air added during the expansion stage (stage 2). Since the pressure is constant at atmospheric pressure, we can use the ideal gas law as follows:
PV = nRT,
n = PV / RT,
where P is the pressure, V is the change in volume during expansion, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
To find V, we need to look at the pV diagram provided or estimate it based on the given information.

Once you have the value of V, you can substitute the known values into the equation and calculate the number of moles of air added during the expansion stage. Since the volume is constant in stages 1 and 3, the number of moles of air remains the same throughout the whole process.

To find the mass of air added, you can multiply the number of moles of air by the molar mass of air, which is the sum of the molar masses of the individual components of air (approximately 28.97 g/mol).

b) The work done during the entire inhalation process can be calculated using the equation:
W = PΔV,
where W is the work done, P is the pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume.

To calculate the work done during the sharp pressure drop and the pressure returning to atmospheric, you need to know the change in volume during these stages. If this information is indicated on the pV diagram, you can use those values to calculate the work done by substituting them into the equation above.

If the change in volume is not directly given or clear from the diagram, you may need to measure or estimate it based on the information provided and use that value in the equation above to calculate the work done.