Show that a conventional x-ray generator is incapable of generating x-rays of wavelength as low as 10-11m. Do this by determining the identity of the target (in atomic number, Z) which would be needed to generate such x-rays.

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To determine the atomic number (Z) of the target needed to generate x-rays of a wavelength as low as 10^-11m using a conventional x-ray generator, we can use the equation for the minimum wavelength of x-rays produced by Bremsstrahlung:

λ_min = hc / eV

where λ_min is the minimum wavelength, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J s), c is the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s), e is the elementary charge (1.602 x 10^-19 C), and V is the voltage applied to the x-ray tube.

For a conventional x-ray generator, the maximum voltage applied to the tube is around 100 kV (100,000 volts). Substituting the known values into the equation, we have:

λ_min = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) × (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (1.602 x 10^-19 C) × (100,000 V)

Simplifying the equation, we get:

λ_min = 1.24 x (10^-6 / V) meters

Now, let's calculate the value of λ_min for V = 100,000 V:

λ_min = 1.24 x (10^-6 / 100,000) meters
= 1.24 x 10^-11 meters

So, the minimum wavelength of x-rays produced by a conventional x-ray generator with a maximum voltage of 100,000 V is 1.24 x 10^-11 meters.

This shows that a conventional x-ray generator is capable of generating x-rays with a wavelength as low as 10^-11 meters. Therefore, you do not need a specific target material (with a specific atomic number, Z) to generate such x-rays.