We have not even covered this material.

Samples of 131I take 10 hours to prepare to ship. It takes 2 weeks to get to its destination. How much 131I must be produced to ensure the patient receives 8 grams of NaI using the 131I isotope in the compound? Does this have to do with the life of the isotope?

Yes.

You need k. k can be calculated from
k = 0.693/t1/2
Then ln(No/N) = kt
No = atoms, concn, mols, or grams initially.
N = atoms, concn, etc at time t.
k = from above.
t = time in same units as t1/2