1)Identify which concepts/topics you believe that you will need to apply to solve the problem below. Select all that apply.

a)Covalent Bond Energy

b)Ionic Bond Energy

c)Single-electron Atom Ionization Energy

d)Multi-electron Atom Ionization Energy

e)Electronegativity

f)Limiting Reagent

g)Stoichiometry

h)Bohr Model

i)Conservation of Energy

l)Wave-Particle Duality

m)Secondary Bonding

n)LCAO-MO

2)Sulfur vapor is analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Measurements determine that photoelectrons associated with the 1st ionization energy of sulfur move with de Broglie wavelength λ=2.091 A˚. What is the maximum wavelength (in meters) of radiation capable of ionizing sulfur and producing this effect?

Multi-electron Atom Ionization Energy, Conservation of Energy, Wave-Particle Duality.

Remember

E(photon) = E(electron)+E(Binding)
Look also for deBroglie wave.

To solve this problem, the following concepts/topics are relevant:

c) Single-electron Atom Ionization Energy: This concept refers to the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in its ground state to form a positively charged ion.

l) Wave-Particle Duality: This concept relates to the dual nature of particles, such as electrons, which exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. In this case, we need to consider the wavelength associated with the photoelectron.

To find the maximum wavelength of the radiation capable of ionizing sulfur, we can use the de Broglie equation, which relates the wavelength (λ) of a particle to its momentum. In this case, we have the wavelength (λ) and need to find the momentum:

λ = h/p

Where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and p is the momentum.

The momentum of a particle can be calculated using the equation:

p = √(2mE)

Where m is the mass of the particle and E is the kinetic energy of the particle. In this case, the kinetic energy is the ionization energy.

To find the maximum wavelength, we need to consider the minimum energy required for ionization, which corresponds to the maximum wavelength.

By substituting the given wavelength (λ = 2.091 Å) into the de Broglie equation, we can solve for the momentum. Then, using the momentum, we can calculate the ionization energy (E) required to produce this wavelength.

Lastly, we can calculate the maximum wavelength of radiation capable of ionizing sulfur by plugging the ionization energy (E) into the de Broglie equation.

By applying these concepts and calculations, you can find the maximum wavelength of radiation capable of ionizing sulfur.