According to Gardner,

a)a single general ability underlies all of our abilities to adapt to our environment.
b)intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains.
c)intelligence cannot be measured by paper and pencil tests.
d)intelligence cannot be improved with experience

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intelligence cannot be measured by paper and pencil tests.

intelligence cannot be measured by paper and pencil tests.

b) intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains.

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the correct answer is b) intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains.

To arrive at this answer, you can learn about Gardner's theory and the concept of multiple intelligences. Gardner proposed that traditional notions of intelligence, which focus on a single measure of general intelligence (often measured by IQ tests), are limited. Instead, he identified multiple intelligences, which are specific abilities that individuals possess to varying degrees.

Gardner's theory suggests that there are several distinct and relatively independent domains of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences. Each of these intelligences represents a different way of processing information, and individuals may excel in one or more of these domains.

Therefore, he argues that intelligence is not a single general ability but rather a combination of different abilities that are relevant to different contexts and tasks. This perspective broadens our understanding of intelligence and rejects the notion that it can be measured by a single paper and pencil test.

Additionally, Gardner's theory does not support the idea that intelligence cannot be improved with experience. On the contrary, he emphasizes the importance of nurturing and developing each intelligence through education, practice, and exposure to various experiences in order to fully utilize and maximize one's potential in different areas of intelligence.