arrange the following groups of elements in order of increasing ionization energy :

a. Be,Mg,Sr.
b. Bi,Cs,Ba.
c. Na,A1,S

To arrange the given groups of elements in order of increasing ionization energy, we need to understand what ionization energy is. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gaseous state. It generally increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table and decreases from top to bottom within a group.

a. Be, Mg, Sr:
To compare the ionization energies of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), and strontium (Sr), we need to look at their positions in the periodic table.

Be is located in the second period (Group 2), Mg is also in Group 2 but in the third period, and Sr is in Group 2 but in the fifth period.

Since ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period, the order of increasing ionization energy in this group would be: Be < Mg < Sr.

b. Bi, Cs, Ba:
Bismuth (Bi), cesium (Cs), and barium (Ba) are the elements in this group.

Bi is a metalloid located in Group 15, Cs is an alkali metal in Group 1, and Ba is an alkaline earth metal in Group 2.

The ionization energy generally decreases from top to bottom within a group. Therefore, the order of increasing ionization energy in this group would be: Ba < Cs < Bi.

c. Na, Al, S:
Sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), and sulfur (S) are the elements in this group.

Na is an alkali metal in Group 1, Al is a metalloid in Group 13, and S is a nonmetal in Group 16.

The ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period. Therefore, the order of increasing ionization energy in this group would be: S < Al < Na.

So, the final order of increasing ionization energy in each group would be:
a. Be, Mg, Sr.
b. Ba, Cs, Bi.
c. S, Al, Na.

a. The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right on the periodic table and decreases down a group.

Arranging the elements in order of increasing ionization energy:
Be < Mg < Sr

b. Arranging the elements in order of increasing ionization energy:
Cs < Ba < Bi

c. Arranging the elements in order of increasing ionization energy:
Na < Al < S

IP decreases as you down the table in a group and increases as you go from left to right in a period of the table.