Number these in order of ease of hydrolysis. 1= easiest to hydrolyze 4=hardest to hydrolyze
C6H5C(=O)OC66H5
C6H5C(=O)OCl
C6H5C TRIPLE BOND N
C6H5(=O)NHC6H5
To determine the order of ease of hydrolysis, we need to analyze the functional groups present in each compound. Hydrolysis is a reaction where a compound reacts with water, resulting in the breaking of chemical bonds.
Let's analyze each compound:
1. C6H5C(=O)OC6H5: This compound contains an ester functional group (C(=O)O). Esters are relatively stable and require stronger conditions for hydrolysis. Therefore, this compound is harder to hydrolyze.
2. C6H5C(=O)OCl: This compound contains an acid chloride functional group (C(=O)Cl). Acid chlorides are generally more reactive than esters and can be hydrolyzed more easily compared to esters. However, they still require specific conditions for hydrolysis.
3. C6H5C≡N: This compound contains a nitrile functional group (C≡N). Nitriles can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions to form carboxylic acids. The presence of a triple bond contributes to the electrophilicity of the compound, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack during hydrolysis. Therefore, this compound is easier to hydrolyze compared to esters and acid chlorides.
4. C6H5(=O)NHC6H5: This compound contains an amide functional group (C(=O)NH). Amides are generally more stable and require harsher conditions for hydrolysis compared to esters, acid chlorides, and nitriles. Therefore, this compound is the hardest to hydrolyze among the given options.
Based on the above analysis, the order of ease of hydrolysis from easiest to hardest is:
3. C6H5C≡N
2. C6H5C(=O)OCl
1. C6H5C(=O)OC6H5
4. C6H5(=O)NHC6H5
To determine the ease of hydrolysis for these compounds, we need to consider the nature of the functional groups present and their reactivity towards hydrolysis.
1. C6H5C(=O)OC6H5 (ester)
2. C6H5C(=O)OCl (acid chloride)
3. C6H5C≡N (nitrile)
4. C6H5(=O)NHC6H5 (amide)
Here's an explanation of the reactivity of each compound and the order in which they can be hydrolyzed, starting from the easiest:
1. Ester (C6H5C(=O)OC6H5):
Esters undergo hydrolysis with the presence of an acid or base. The reaction, known as ester hydrolysis, breaks the ester bond and forms an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. The process is relatively easier than the other compounds on the list.
2. Acid Chloride (C6H5C(=O)OCl):
Acid chlorides are highly reactive compounds. They readily undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water, producing a carboxylic acid and hydrogen chloride. The reaction is faster compared to nitriles and amides.
3. Nitrile (C6H5C≡N):
Nitriles have a relatively lower reactivity towards hydrolysis compared to esters and acid chlorides. They require a strong acid or base and higher temperatures for hydrolysis to occur. In the presence of water and acid, a nitrile can be converted to an amide.
4. Amide (C6H5(=O)NHC6H5):
Amides are generally more stable compared to esters, acid chlorides, and nitriles. They require harsher conditions, such as concentrated acids or bases, and higher temperatures to undergo hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of amides yields a carboxylic acid and an amine.
Based on this information, the order of ease of hydrolysis from easiest (1) to hardest (4) is:
1. C6H5C(=O)OC6H5 (ester)
2. C6H5C(=O)OCl (acid chloride)
3. C6H5C≡N (nitrile)
4. C6H5(=O)NHC6H5 (amide)